First, the jointing period (from July to August)
The main pests and diseases in the joint control are: sheath blight, rice leafhopper, rice leaf roller and so on.
1, sheath blight: the common name rotten blight, began to occur in the tillering stage of rice, mainly harming the sheath, leaves, stems, and later spread to the ear. At the beginning of the disease, it is a dark green small spot, which gradually expands into a cloud-like plaque, which expands upward from the lower part, affecting rice heading and grouting, resulting in an increase in the glutinous rice and a decrease in the 1000-grain weight. The stalk base of the plant with severe disease rots, causing the field to swell.
2, rice leaf mites: general infestation of leaves, there are acute lesions and chronic lesions, under humid conditions, the acute lesions on both sides of the leaves produce a large number of gray mold layer, rapid spread, seriously affecting the normal growth of rice; chronic There is a gray mold layer on the back of the blade, which is slow to expand.
Green control measures for sheath blight and leaf blast disease: 1 is to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Before transplanting rice, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizer, control N fertilizer, increase P and K fertilizers, and enhance the disease resistance of plants; Shallow irrigation in the tillering stage, proper drainage of the field at the booting stage, and reduce the humidity in the field; 2 is the prevention and control of pesticides , and it is necessary to grasp the control period. The control period of these two diseases is at the end of rice tillering, and the general year of Jining City is in July. In the middle and late, when the disease rate of sheath blight disease reaches 5% and the initial stage of leaf blast, spray control is carried out immediately. 250 g/liter of azoxystrobin suspension or 80% gramin powder can be used for spraying. Prevention, can control the occurrence of two diseases at the same time.
3. Rice leaf roller: The adult has phototaxis and migratory properties. The larvae are damaged by the larvae. The larvae are hidden in the scorpion and eat the mesophyll. Only the epidermis is white streaks, and the leaves of the seriously damaged rice are white. Affecting photosynthesis, the open space rate increases, resulting in a decrease in 1000-grain weight, generally reducing production by 20-30% and weighing by more than 50%. Rice leaf roller is one of the two pests of rice. It can not be wintered in Shandong Province. Adults migrate with the airflow from a long distance, move northward in spring and summer, and move back to the south in winter. In the general year of July, a large number of adults migrated into the province to spawn and breed with the storm. In early August, it was the larva hatching period, which was also a critical period for prevention and control. Once this time was missed, the larvae could be damaged after 2 years of age, and the control could not reach the ideal. effect. For the prevention and treatment, high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides such as 2% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 31% carbaryl-propyl bromide emulsifiable concentrate may be used as a uniform spray.
Second, heading to the flowering period (from August to September)
The main pests and diseases in the prevention and control of heading and flowering stage are: rice blast (ear's neck mites, grain mites, thrift), brown planthopper, rice smut.
1. Rice blast : The panicle neck stalk infects the neck and cob of rice, and then spreads up and down along the ear neck. The diseased part is dark brown, and the ear is easy to form white ear, and the late grain is not full. If the prevention is not timely, it will result in different levels of production reduction or even failure. At the end of August and the beginning of September, it is the rice break period (starting heading). If there is continuous rain and the temperature is low, the ear neck will occur again. The grain mites make the clams gray and white, forming a valley. Thrifts generally occur after heading, which causes the whole section to become black and rot. When dry, the nodes are easily broken and form white ears. The strategy for controlling rice blast is to prevent and control each time during the break period and the heading stage. The control method can be evenly sprayed with 250 g/liter of azoxystrobin suspension or 80% captan powder, and treat rice sheath blight and rice smut.
2, also known as false smut of rice smut, Yang sense flowering disease, pathogen infection ear individual grains, first bacterium is exposed as a pale yellow hull commissure block after enlargement such as a ball, wrapped into the whole ink glume Green, finally cracked, emitting dark green powder. There are many rainy days in the flowering stage of rice, and the humidity in the field is large, which is generally heavy. In the rice flowering period, if there is continuous rain, the panicles should be sprayed with pesticides in time after the rain stops. 250 g/liter of azoxystrobin suspension or 80% captan WP can be used to effectively control the occurrence of rice false smut.
3, brown planthopper: Adults have phototaxis, with adults and nymphs clustered at the base of the rice plant to attract harm, forming brown spots on the stem, severely the lower stem becomes black and rot, causing the rice to fall, the grain is not real, heavy The formation of white spikes, severely reduced production. Brown planthopper is one of the two pests of rice. It can not be wintered in Shandong Province. It winters in the south. In general, from July to August, adults migrate to the province to spawn and breed. In late August, it is the peak period of nymph hatching. Period, optional 25% pymetrozine wettable powder or 25% chlorpyrifos powder focus on spraying the middle and lower parts of rice; physical control is to add insecticidal lamps in the field to trap adults and reduce the amount of egg worms in the field. Generally, there are many storms in summer, not hot, and the high temperature in late autumn (September-October) is conducive to the breeding hazard of brown planthopper. In 2013, brown planthoppers occurred in the city, and in mid-September, the individual plots with poor control, Baidun had 1000-2000 heads of brown planthoppers, causing the yellow spots of rice to fall. The reason for recurrence is that there are many storms in July, and the rainfall is 148 mm more than normal, which is conducive to the migration of brown planthopper; 2 is that the temperature is higher than normal from 3 to C in late August to September, which is conducive to the damage of brown planthopper.
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