Abstract: Stone processing equipment includes sawing and processing equipment, grinding and polishing equipment, and special-shaped processing equipment. Stone equipment follows the whole stone industry and flourishes together, but China's stone industry is still an emerging industry. There are still some shortcomings in stone processing equipment and its application. There is still a gap between the international advanced level and the status quo. Recognize clearly, and also have a prospect for the development of stone processing equipment.
Keywords: diamond circular saw, resin abrasive, multi-dimensional CNC
I. Introduction
Natural stone has become an excellent building material since ancient times due to its good texture, solemn appearance, good equipment and weak chemical properties (such as pressure resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance). In ancient times, the processing of stone was completely done by hand. Until the 19th century, the first equipment for processing stone appeared in Europe, which brought a revolution to the stone processing industry. Since then, stone processing began from manual The operation is moving towards equipment. In the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China's stone industry has achieved rapid development, and the level of stone equipment has also been continuously improved. The stone industry has seen the climax of the introduction of foreign advanced equipment twice from the end of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s, and the level of domestic stone equipment manufacturing has also been rapidly improved. Of course, if it is a vertical ratio, it will be said that compared with its own past, the development of China's stone industry equipment is undoubted; and the cross-border, that is, compared with the countries with developed stone industry in the world, the industry will recognize the gap. . According to the different ways of stone processing, this paper makes a simple analysis on the situation and development trend of domestic stone equipment.
Second, sawing processing equipment
There are many kinds of sawing and processing equipment for stone, but the frame sawing machine and Jing'an are still the disc sawing machine.
The frame saw is mainly composed of a saw frame, a chain rod, a column frame, a saw blade and the like. The working principle is that the saw blade mounted on the saw frame is reciprocated with the saw frame under the driving of the connecting rod, and at the same time, the feeding movement is continuously downwardly driven by the lifting and lowering mechanism, thereby realizing the sawing processing of the stone. The earliest frame saws were called steel sand saws because the tools used were steel bars and sand. The development trend of today's steel sand saws is automation and large-scale. For example, the current world's largest frame can produce 120 plates at a time, and the saw blade travels 80 cm. In addition, the sawing process parameters of the sawing machine can be automatically adjusted within a certain range, and the link stroke can be automatically compensated without stopping.
Since the steel sand saw consumes a large amount of steel sand and lime, a large amount of scrap steel mortar produced after processing is difficult to handle, has serious environmental pollution, and is very noisy. Therefore, the current development of the framework is based on a compelling development trend. The welded diamond agglomerate is the saw blade of the cutter head. In 1970 Italy first introduced two large frame saws using diamond cutter blades. A machinable marble block has a width of 2 meters and a length of 3.5 meters. It can cut 100 pieces of 2 cm thick plates at a time, and the production efficiency is 20% higher than that of ordinary frame saws.
At present, this kind of diamond saw blade is mainly limited to the processing of marble, and can not be used for sawing hard stone such as granite. When the saw blade of the frame saw is reciprocated, the rear portion of the diamond abrasive on the diamond cutter head cannot form a trailing support, and the holding force is small, and it is easy to fall off from the carcass. Therefore, the use of a frame saw to saw a granite slab has always used a steel sand saw.
Since the sawing process of the frame saw is non-continuous, the sawing speed is slow, generally not exceeding 2, and such a low cutting speed severely restricts the improvement of the processing efficiency. Therefore, a new stone processing equipment diamond disc saw machine came into being. The saw machine is mainly composed of a frame, a saw blade drive motor and a diamond circular saw blade, a lifting and feeding guide device, a saw blade translation guide rail, etc. The working principle is that the diamond circular saw blade mounted on the main shaft rotates and reciprocates linearly on the beam guide rail, and the upper and lower movement of the saw blade and the accurate knife are realized by the lifting and feeding guide device. Compared with the frame saw, the sawing speed of the circular saw can reach 30~45, which greatly improves the processing efficiency. Therefore, the current circular sawing machine is the most widely used sawing equipment in stone sawing. On the other hand, the sawing depth of the circular saw is limited by the diameter of the saw blade and generally cannot exceed the diameter of the saw blade. In 1980, Germany successfully developed a circular saw blade with a diameter of 5 meters, which is said to be the largest circular saw in the world. However, since the drive shaft of the saw machine cannot fully support the saw blade with a large weight to be sawed along the vertical plane of the space, and because the diameter of the saw blade is too large, the saw path is not straight, so technically speaking It is difficult to make a circular saw blade. Although the sawing line speed of the circular saw blade is much higher than that of the frame, the circular saw blade is not as good as the frame saw from the sawing depth and the number of sawing plates. Therefore, in the production of stone slabs, the circular saw blade sawing machine In the short term, the frame saw cannot be completely replaced.
In order to further improve the efficiency of stone processing, people have proposed a combination saw on the basis of a single-piece circular saw, that is, a plurality of circular saws are installed at a certain interval to process the stone when used on a spindle. Although the combination saw and the single-piece circular saw have not been much improved from the structure of the saw, the number of combined saw blades can be as many as one hundred. Therefore, one-time processing can produce hundreds of sheets of wool, which greatly improves production efficiency. On the other hand, in order to improve the automation of stone processing, people use a combination saw to cut the thin board of stone material while sawing the thin stone board into a slat with a horizontal saw. This vertical sawing and horizontal sawing Concentrated on a machine to complete the equipment Chen Wei two-way cutting machine. The two-way cutting machine is selected as the main machine in the production line, and it is the most rapidly developed equipment in the modern stone industry. With the two-way cutting machine, the production efficiency can be greatly improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The diamond frame and granite sand saw used in the domestic stone industry are mainly imported from Italy. After entering the twentieth century, several companies in China have begun to digest and absorb the technology of Italian large-scale processing equipment, producing domestic frameworks and granite sand saws, but because of the lack of mastery of key technologies, work efficiency, cutting costs and continuous There is still a big gap between the operation of the fault and the Italian equipment. Guangdong Lida, Fujian Shengda, Guangdong Keda, Jinan Hengyunda and other enterprises all produce frame data and sand saws. Shanghai Feizhou Company introduced the granite sand saw produced by the Italian BM company with good quality and performance, and has a high market share in the domestic market. The marble gang saw is widely used in China, and the domestic equipment is relatively mature. There are many problems when the saw frame rail system and the hydraulic tensioning system are faulty. The Italian equipment is mainly double-link, and the domestic equipment is single-link. the Lord. Shandong Huaxing has designed a static pressure guide rail and a double-link driven diamond frame saw, which will be introduced to the market this year.
The application of granite sand saw in the domestic stone industry is poor. Except for a few large enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, the sand saws of most enterprises are basically in a state of suspension. The main reason is the lack of operation management of sand saw cutting work in China. Experience, especially the mortar ingredients and slurry supply system of sand saws, there is still a big gap compared with Italian stone enterprises.
The number of domestic marble frame saw blades is mainly 80 and 400; the number of granite sand saw blades is mainly 120, and the development of 156 frame saws mainly develops toward high-speed cutting and saw blade ultra-thin direction. The development of large multi-saw blades. At present, Shandong Huaxing has researched a new type of granite sand saw, which is undergoing research and test. After the success of this technology, the cutting efficiency of the sand saw will be increased by more than 10 times, which will greatly promote the advancement of granite cutting technology.
A small number of domestic enterprises use diamond bead wire saws for cutting. Wire saws cut large-format sheets mainly have large flatness error. When the thickness is strict, the cut sheets need to be thickened by thickening machine and the cutting cost is high.
In addition, in the process of stone carving and stone cutting, the diamond disc saw machine is mainly used, and the special cutting machine is used for processing. At present, there are many pieces of stone cutting machine, strip stone cutting machine and mushroom stone cutting machine.
Third, grinding and polishing equipment
The grinding and polishing equipment for stone can be divided into a single-piece grinding and polishing machine and a continuous grinding and polishing machine according to the automatic processing procedure. All kinds of grinding and polishing processes use vertical axis constant pressure end face machining. This is because the contact between the tool and the workpiece during vertical axis machining is large, and the machining area is large and the machining efficiency is high. At present, the hand-held mill and the multi-head continuous grinding and polishing machine are the most widely used. The hand-held grinding and polishing machine is a traditional grinding and polishing equipment for facing stone. The basic structure consists of a main rocker arm, a secondary rocker arm, a main motor, a main shaft and a pressurizing device, a column, a rocker base, a lifting motor, a screw rod, and an armrest.
The working principle of the machine is that the main motor is driven by a belt drive to rotate the vertically mounted main shaft and the grinding disc mounted under the main shaft. The armrest can be moved along the surface of the stone product and moved up and down within a limited range by using two armrests. Grinding action on the stone surface is performed by a grindstone on the grinding disc or by manual pressing, thereby completing the grinding and polishing operation. It can finish all the operations of rough grinding, semi-fine grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing by manually changing the grinding disc on the same machine. The main advantage is that the machine tool has a simple structure, easy operation and low investment, but the strength of the worker's husband is large, and the area of ​​the plate that can be processed is limited. Since the replacement of the different size grinding discs is determined by the worker's eye observation, the skill level of the workers is required to be high, and the final quality of the products varies from person to person. At present, this equipment is mainly used for grinding and polishing of shaped plates. The multi-head continuous grinding and polishing machine is a new type of advanced grinding and polishing equipment. It completes the whole processing of coarse grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing of stone by installing a plurality of different grinding blocks and polishing blocks on the production line. process. The machine is mainly composed of grinding head, grinding head motor, grinding disc drive frame, frame, automatic conveyor belt and transmission shaft, total control panel, disc control panel, hydraulic station, water spray cooling device and so on. The continuous multi-head grinding and polishing machine adds a high degree of automation. The operator has low labor intensity, high production efficiency, good reliability, low production loss, high processing precision, and stable quality of grinding and polishing plates. This equipment has been widely used at home and abroad. At the same time, it also has some shortcomings, such as complicated installation and debugging, large investment, high production cost, and can only be used for processing flat plates, and is not used for the processing of shaped plates. At present, this equipment is being widely used in the processing of ordinary flat plates, especially the processing of large-area facing plates.
The domestic continuous grinding and polishing production line has been widely used by domestic stone enterprises in recent years. For example, the continuous grinding and polishing machine produced by Guangdong Keda, Fujian Shengda, Guangdong Hesheng and other enterprises is also widely used in the domestic stone processing industry. Shandong Huaxing has Developed a continuous grinding and polishing production line and sold it to Vietnam, Kazakhstan and other countries last year. Stone polishing technology has also been continuously developed. In recent years, resin abrasive tools have also widely replaced diamond bitum abrasives, and diamond abrasive tools have also been widely used.
The main development direction of stone polishing equipment is to adopt new electrical control technology to integrate light, liquid and electricity. Nowadays, the grinding and polishing thickness of the large-plate grinding and polishing equipment is getting thinner and thinner, and the wide-faced thin-plate grinding and polishing technology will be applied.
The localization technology level of stone grinding and polishing equipment is shrinking with the advanced technology of Italy. With the continuous improvement of the manufacturing and design level of stone equipment manufacturers, domestic grinding and polishing equipment will catch up with Italy.
Fourth, special-shaped processing equipment
Due to the high added value of special-shaped stone products, whether it is the manufacture of modern architecture or stone and stone furniture, the requirements for special-shaped stone products are increasing day by day. If the special-shaped processing of stone is processed by manual or single-process equipment, the labor is large, the production efficiency is low, the polishing cost is high, and it is difficult to meet the quality requirements; and the use of the steel is the tool loss. Therefore, there have been many equipments designed for special-shaped stone at home and abroad. Shaped stone processing equipment can be divided into two categories according to the shape of the product processing: one is used to process stone shaped products with equal cross-section, or the cross-shaped shapes are identifiable, but the different sizes of the shaped revolving products; the other is used for processing Space three-dimensional products with different cross-sectional shapes, the control dimensions of the two are different. Different types of stone products are processed differently, and the requirements for the equipment are also different. For the special-shaped products of stone used for processing equal sections, or the shaped revolving products with different cross-sectional shapes, diamond bead wire saws and high-pressure water jet technology are mainly used, and the space three-dimensional products used for processing cross-sectional shapes are mainly It is mainly based on copying CNC equipment.
CNC diamond bead saw is a numerical control processing equipment for processing shaped stone products with flexible tools. It is mainly composed of rope wheel, diamond bead, guide wheel motor, frame and rope wheel propulsion equipment. The cutting tool used in this machine is a beaded rope, which uses diamond particles contained in a bead (diamond sintered ring) to move at a high speed of 20 or higher on the surface of the stone. The cutting stone is suitable for processing large-sized stone products with large volume and large thickness. The wire saw has high cutting efficiency and large cutting area, is flexible to use, and has no noise, no vibration, and a smooth cutting surface. The currently developed bead saw has evolved from a single-string bead saw that can only be fitted with one diamond bead rope to a multi-rope diamond bead saw that can simultaneously mount 60 beaded ropes. Compared to the early multi-rope bead saws, today's multi-rope bead saws have become more lightweight and practical, and the size of the equipment is comparable to that of a conventional beading machine.
High-pressure water jet technology uses high-pressure water jet or abrasive jet as the cutting method of stone processing technology, with the processing of special-shaped stone products as a breakthrough into the stone processing field and its application in stone processing has developed rapidly. This is a cutting technique with simple tool, no dust pollution, low noise and narrow incision. In the stone industry, it is mainly used for the processing of stone parquet panels and the processing of various flat stone markers, and the products are large in volume and high in precision. The numerical control high-pressure water jet cutting machine consists of three parts: high-pressure water pump, working host and numerical control system. This technical equipment is far lower in cost than the processing equipment used in production. The processing cost is low, the power consumption is low, and the wearable materials and water can be recycled. The equipment is widely used. When it comes to the development of China's stone industry, it is worth paying attention to. Promising new technology. As the relevant technology and key issues have not been completely solved, it has not been widely used in domestic stone processing.
Although the wire sawing machine and the high-pressure water jet cutting machine have been widely used in the processing of shaped stone, in the strict sense, these two kinds of equipment cannot complete the processing of real three-dimensional stone products. With the development of computer technology, various multi-functional and high-efficiency numerical control processing equipments have appeared for space-dimensional products with different cross-sectional shapes. These processing equipment can be programmed to complete the processing of a variety of complex shapes of stone shaped products, such as rotary body, body carving products processing, plane engraving processing. The biggest advantage of this kind of processing equipment is that it can complete multi-process operation in one clamping, and the processing quality and processing precision are very high. It is very suitable for processing complex contours. The disadvantage is that it can only be produced in one piece, and the technical requirements of the tool are very high.
Currently. There are dozens of domestic stone special-shaped processing equipment, but compared with advanced equipment such as Italy, there is still a big gap. A few large-scale stone processing enterprises in China have introduced CNC special-shaped processing equipment from Italy in recent years to carry out complex special-shaped stone processing. The imported special-shaped processing equipment mainly includes stone processing center, horizontal CNC machining machine, vertical CNC machining machine and CNC table top processing. Machine tools, etc.
Stone profile processing has many processes, even for large enterprises, it is done by hand, especially the grinding of irregularly shaped surfaces, which is basically done by hand. Although there are many varieties of domestic special-shaped processing equipment, there are no CNC machines with strong functional functions. The main reason is simple numerical control (two-axis linkage, three-axis linkage) machine tools, and then the forming tools are used for profile machining. The development of special-shaped stone processing equipment is relatively large. The main direction is multi-dimensional numerical control, equipment grinding and polishing technology of special-shaped stone, processing equipment and tools of various complex space surfaces, and can refer to the structure and control technology of metal numerical control processing equipment for stone. Shaped processing equipment. The technology of stone plane shaped processing equipment is mature, and the CNC diamond bead wire saw, CNC waterjet cutting machine, 3D CNC milling machine and other special-shaped processing equipment have matured and are widely used in stone processing. The cutting and grinding and polishing technology of arc stone and spherical stone is relatively mature. Shaped edging equipment (especially various arc edges) has been continuously introduced to the market in recent years, and has achieved continuous grinding and polishing of multiple ends, and the level of equipment has been continuously improved.
It should be pointed out that in addition to the above-mentioned centralized processing equipment, the stone equipment should also include a diamond chain saw, a chamfering machine and the like. Other equipment is limited in the use of stone processing, so it is not described here.
V. Development trend of domestic stone equipment
From the development of foreign stone equipment this year and the application in the domestic stone industry, the current development trend of domestic stone equipment is mainly reflected in three aspects:
1. The development of stone equipment to high efficiency, such as the increase in the number of saw blades;
2. The development of stone equipment to automation, such as the extensive use of numerical control technology in stone processing equipment;
3, stone equipment to environmental development, such as diamond bead wire saw, high-pressure water jet and other environmentally friendly processing equipment development and application.
It can be foreseen that with the advancement of stone processing technology and equipment, stone processing enterprises will develop towards the direction of factoryization, management informationization, high quality and low consumption, and high efficiency and automation are still the eternal theme of stone equipment development!
Keywords: diamond circular saw, resin abrasive, multi-dimensional CNC
I. Introduction
Natural stone has become an excellent building material since ancient times due to its good texture, solemn appearance, good equipment and weak chemical properties (such as pressure resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance). In ancient times, the processing of stone was completely done by hand. Until the 19th century, the first equipment for processing stone appeared in Europe, which brought a revolution to the stone processing industry. Since then, stone processing began from manual The operation is moving towards equipment. In the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China's stone industry has achieved rapid development, and the level of stone equipment has also been continuously improved. The stone industry has seen the climax of the introduction of foreign advanced equipment twice from the end of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s, and the level of domestic stone equipment manufacturing has also been rapidly improved. Of course, if it is a vertical ratio, it will be said that compared with its own past, the development of China's stone industry equipment is undoubted; and the cross-border, that is, compared with the countries with developed stone industry in the world, the industry will recognize the gap. . According to the different ways of stone processing, this paper makes a simple analysis on the situation and development trend of domestic stone equipment.
Second, sawing processing equipment
There are many kinds of sawing and processing equipment for stone, but the frame sawing machine and Jing'an are still the disc sawing machine.
The frame saw is mainly composed of a saw frame, a chain rod, a column frame, a saw blade and the like. The working principle is that the saw blade mounted on the saw frame is reciprocated with the saw frame under the driving of the connecting rod, and at the same time, the feeding movement is continuously downwardly driven by the lifting and lowering mechanism, thereby realizing the sawing processing of the stone. The earliest frame saws were called steel sand saws because the tools used were steel bars and sand. The development trend of today's steel sand saws is automation and large-scale. For example, the current world's largest frame can produce 120 plates at a time, and the saw blade travels 80 cm. In addition, the sawing process parameters of the sawing machine can be automatically adjusted within a certain range, and the link stroke can be automatically compensated without stopping.
Since the steel sand saw consumes a large amount of steel sand and lime, a large amount of scrap steel mortar produced after processing is difficult to handle, has serious environmental pollution, and is very noisy. Therefore, the current development of the framework is based on a compelling development trend. The welded diamond agglomerate is the saw blade of the cutter head. In 1970 Italy first introduced two large frame saws using diamond cutter blades. A machinable marble block has a width of 2 meters and a length of 3.5 meters. It can cut 100 pieces of 2 cm thick plates at a time, and the production efficiency is 20% higher than that of ordinary frame saws.
At present, this kind of diamond saw blade is mainly limited to the processing of marble, and can not be used for sawing hard stone such as granite. When the saw blade of the frame saw is reciprocated, the rear portion of the diamond abrasive on the diamond cutter head cannot form a trailing support, and the holding force is small, and it is easy to fall off from the carcass. Therefore, the use of a frame saw to saw a granite slab has always used a steel sand saw.
Since the sawing process of the frame saw is non-continuous, the sawing speed is slow, generally not exceeding 2, and such a low cutting speed severely restricts the improvement of the processing efficiency. Therefore, a new stone processing equipment diamond disc saw machine came into being. The saw machine is mainly composed of a frame, a saw blade drive motor and a diamond circular saw blade, a lifting and feeding guide device, a saw blade translation guide rail, etc. The working principle is that the diamond circular saw blade mounted on the main shaft rotates and reciprocates linearly on the beam guide rail, and the upper and lower movement of the saw blade and the accurate knife are realized by the lifting and feeding guide device. Compared with the frame saw, the sawing speed of the circular saw can reach 30~45, which greatly improves the processing efficiency. Therefore, the current circular sawing machine is the most widely used sawing equipment in stone sawing. On the other hand, the sawing depth of the circular saw is limited by the diameter of the saw blade and generally cannot exceed the diameter of the saw blade. In 1980, Germany successfully developed a circular saw blade with a diameter of 5 meters, which is said to be the largest circular saw in the world. However, since the drive shaft of the saw machine cannot fully support the saw blade with a large weight to be sawed along the vertical plane of the space, and because the diameter of the saw blade is too large, the saw path is not straight, so technically speaking It is difficult to make a circular saw blade. Although the sawing line speed of the circular saw blade is much higher than that of the frame, the circular saw blade is not as good as the frame saw from the sawing depth and the number of sawing plates. Therefore, in the production of stone slabs, the circular saw blade sawing machine In the short term, the frame saw cannot be completely replaced.
In order to further improve the efficiency of stone processing, people have proposed a combination saw on the basis of a single-piece circular saw, that is, a plurality of circular saws are installed at a certain interval to process the stone when used on a spindle. Although the combination saw and the single-piece circular saw have not been much improved from the structure of the saw, the number of combined saw blades can be as many as one hundred. Therefore, one-time processing can produce hundreds of sheets of wool, which greatly improves production efficiency. On the other hand, in order to improve the automation of stone processing, people use a combination saw to cut the thin board of stone material while sawing the thin stone board into a slat with a horizontal saw. This vertical sawing and horizontal sawing Concentrated on a machine to complete the equipment Chen Wei two-way cutting machine. The two-way cutting machine is selected as the main machine in the production line, and it is the most rapidly developed equipment in the modern stone industry. With the two-way cutting machine, the production efficiency can be greatly improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The diamond frame and granite sand saw used in the domestic stone industry are mainly imported from Italy. After entering the twentieth century, several companies in China have begun to digest and absorb the technology of Italian large-scale processing equipment, producing domestic frameworks and granite sand saws, but because of the lack of mastery of key technologies, work efficiency, cutting costs and continuous There is still a big gap between the operation of the fault and the Italian equipment. Guangdong Lida, Fujian Shengda, Guangdong Keda, Jinan Hengyunda and other enterprises all produce frame data and sand saws. Shanghai Feizhou Company introduced the granite sand saw produced by the Italian BM company with good quality and performance, and has a high market share in the domestic market. The marble gang saw is widely used in China, and the domestic equipment is relatively mature. There are many problems when the saw frame rail system and the hydraulic tensioning system are faulty. The Italian equipment is mainly double-link, and the domestic equipment is single-link. the Lord. Shandong Huaxing has designed a static pressure guide rail and a double-link driven diamond frame saw, which will be introduced to the market this year.
The application of granite sand saw in the domestic stone industry is poor. Except for a few large enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, the sand saws of most enterprises are basically in a state of suspension. The main reason is the lack of operation management of sand saw cutting work in China. Experience, especially the mortar ingredients and slurry supply system of sand saws, there is still a big gap compared with Italian stone enterprises.
The number of domestic marble frame saw blades is mainly 80 and 400; the number of granite sand saw blades is mainly 120, and the development of 156 frame saws mainly develops toward high-speed cutting and saw blade ultra-thin direction. The development of large multi-saw blades. At present, Shandong Huaxing has researched a new type of granite sand saw, which is undergoing research and test. After the success of this technology, the cutting efficiency of the sand saw will be increased by more than 10 times, which will greatly promote the advancement of granite cutting technology.
A small number of domestic enterprises use diamond bead wire saws for cutting. Wire saws cut large-format sheets mainly have large flatness error. When the thickness is strict, the cut sheets need to be thickened by thickening machine and the cutting cost is high.
In addition, in the process of stone carving and stone cutting, the diamond disc saw machine is mainly used, and the special cutting machine is used for processing. At present, there are many pieces of stone cutting machine, strip stone cutting machine and mushroom stone cutting machine.
Third, grinding and polishing equipment
The grinding and polishing equipment for stone can be divided into a single-piece grinding and polishing machine and a continuous grinding and polishing machine according to the automatic processing procedure. All kinds of grinding and polishing processes use vertical axis constant pressure end face machining. This is because the contact between the tool and the workpiece during vertical axis machining is large, and the machining area is large and the machining efficiency is high. At present, the hand-held mill and the multi-head continuous grinding and polishing machine are the most widely used. The hand-held grinding and polishing machine is a traditional grinding and polishing equipment for facing stone. The basic structure consists of a main rocker arm, a secondary rocker arm, a main motor, a main shaft and a pressurizing device, a column, a rocker base, a lifting motor, a screw rod, and an armrest.
The working principle of the machine is that the main motor is driven by a belt drive to rotate the vertically mounted main shaft and the grinding disc mounted under the main shaft. The armrest can be moved along the surface of the stone product and moved up and down within a limited range by using two armrests. Grinding action on the stone surface is performed by a grindstone on the grinding disc or by manual pressing, thereby completing the grinding and polishing operation. It can finish all the operations of rough grinding, semi-fine grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing by manually changing the grinding disc on the same machine. The main advantage is that the machine tool has a simple structure, easy operation and low investment, but the strength of the worker's husband is large, and the area of ​​the plate that can be processed is limited. Since the replacement of the different size grinding discs is determined by the worker's eye observation, the skill level of the workers is required to be high, and the final quality of the products varies from person to person. At present, this equipment is mainly used for grinding and polishing of shaped plates. The multi-head continuous grinding and polishing machine is a new type of advanced grinding and polishing equipment. It completes the whole processing of coarse grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing of stone by installing a plurality of different grinding blocks and polishing blocks on the production line. process. The machine is mainly composed of grinding head, grinding head motor, grinding disc drive frame, frame, automatic conveyor belt and transmission shaft, total control panel, disc control panel, hydraulic station, water spray cooling device and so on. The continuous multi-head grinding and polishing machine adds a high degree of automation. The operator has low labor intensity, high production efficiency, good reliability, low production loss, high processing precision, and stable quality of grinding and polishing plates. This equipment has been widely used at home and abroad. At the same time, it also has some shortcomings, such as complicated installation and debugging, large investment, high production cost, and can only be used for processing flat plates, and is not used for the processing of shaped plates. At present, this equipment is being widely used in the processing of ordinary flat plates, especially the processing of large-area facing plates.
The domestic continuous grinding and polishing production line has been widely used by domestic stone enterprises in recent years. For example, the continuous grinding and polishing machine produced by Guangdong Keda, Fujian Shengda, Guangdong Hesheng and other enterprises is also widely used in the domestic stone processing industry. Shandong Huaxing has Developed a continuous grinding and polishing production line and sold it to Vietnam, Kazakhstan and other countries last year. Stone polishing technology has also been continuously developed. In recent years, resin abrasive tools have also widely replaced diamond bitum abrasives, and diamond abrasive tools have also been widely used.
The main development direction of stone polishing equipment is to adopt new electrical control technology to integrate light, liquid and electricity. Nowadays, the grinding and polishing thickness of the large-plate grinding and polishing equipment is getting thinner and thinner, and the wide-faced thin-plate grinding and polishing technology will be applied.
The localization technology level of stone grinding and polishing equipment is shrinking with the advanced technology of Italy. With the continuous improvement of the manufacturing and design level of stone equipment manufacturers, domestic grinding and polishing equipment will catch up with Italy.
Fourth, special-shaped processing equipment
Due to the high added value of special-shaped stone products, whether it is the manufacture of modern architecture or stone and stone furniture, the requirements for special-shaped stone products are increasing day by day. If the special-shaped processing of stone is processed by manual or single-process equipment, the labor is large, the production efficiency is low, the polishing cost is high, and it is difficult to meet the quality requirements; and the use of the steel is the tool loss. Therefore, there have been many equipments designed for special-shaped stone at home and abroad. Shaped stone processing equipment can be divided into two categories according to the shape of the product processing: one is used to process stone shaped products with equal cross-section, or the cross-shaped shapes are identifiable, but the different sizes of the shaped revolving products; the other is used for processing Space three-dimensional products with different cross-sectional shapes, the control dimensions of the two are different. Different types of stone products are processed differently, and the requirements for the equipment are also different. For the special-shaped products of stone used for processing equal sections, or the shaped revolving products with different cross-sectional shapes, diamond bead wire saws and high-pressure water jet technology are mainly used, and the space three-dimensional products used for processing cross-sectional shapes are mainly It is mainly based on copying CNC equipment.
CNC diamond bead saw is a numerical control processing equipment for processing shaped stone products with flexible tools. It is mainly composed of rope wheel, diamond bead, guide wheel motor, frame and rope wheel propulsion equipment. The cutting tool used in this machine is a beaded rope, which uses diamond particles contained in a bead (diamond sintered ring) to move at a high speed of 20 or higher on the surface of the stone. The cutting stone is suitable for processing large-sized stone products with large volume and large thickness. The wire saw has high cutting efficiency and large cutting area, is flexible to use, and has no noise, no vibration, and a smooth cutting surface. The currently developed bead saw has evolved from a single-string bead saw that can only be fitted with one diamond bead rope to a multi-rope diamond bead saw that can simultaneously mount 60 beaded ropes. Compared to the early multi-rope bead saws, today's multi-rope bead saws have become more lightweight and practical, and the size of the equipment is comparable to that of a conventional beading machine.
High-pressure water jet technology uses high-pressure water jet or abrasive jet as the cutting method of stone processing technology, with the processing of special-shaped stone products as a breakthrough into the stone processing field and its application in stone processing has developed rapidly. This is a cutting technique with simple tool, no dust pollution, low noise and narrow incision. In the stone industry, it is mainly used for the processing of stone parquet panels and the processing of various flat stone markers, and the products are large in volume and high in precision. The numerical control high-pressure water jet cutting machine consists of three parts: high-pressure water pump, working host and numerical control system. This technical equipment is far lower in cost than the processing equipment used in production. The processing cost is low, the power consumption is low, and the wearable materials and water can be recycled. The equipment is widely used. When it comes to the development of China's stone industry, it is worth paying attention to. Promising new technology. As the relevant technology and key issues have not been completely solved, it has not been widely used in domestic stone processing.
Although the wire sawing machine and the high-pressure water jet cutting machine have been widely used in the processing of shaped stone, in the strict sense, these two kinds of equipment cannot complete the processing of real three-dimensional stone products. With the development of computer technology, various multi-functional and high-efficiency numerical control processing equipments have appeared for space-dimensional products with different cross-sectional shapes. These processing equipment can be programmed to complete the processing of a variety of complex shapes of stone shaped products, such as rotary body, body carving products processing, plane engraving processing. The biggest advantage of this kind of processing equipment is that it can complete multi-process operation in one clamping, and the processing quality and processing precision are very high. It is very suitable for processing complex contours. The disadvantage is that it can only be produced in one piece, and the technical requirements of the tool are very high.
Currently. There are dozens of domestic stone special-shaped processing equipment, but compared with advanced equipment such as Italy, there is still a big gap. A few large-scale stone processing enterprises in China have introduced CNC special-shaped processing equipment from Italy in recent years to carry out complex special-shaped stone processing. The imported special-shaped processing equipment mainly includes stone processing center, horizontal CNC machining machine, vertical CNC machining machine and CNC table top processing. Machine tools, etc.
Stone profile processing has many processes, even for large enterprises, it is done by hand, especially the grinding of irregularly shaped surfaces, which is basically done by hand. Although there are many varieties of domestic special-shaped processing equipment, there are no CNC machines with strong functional functions. The main reason is simple numerical control (two-axis linkage, three-axis linkage) machine tools, and then the forming tools are used for profile machining. The development of special-shaped stone processing equipment is relatively large. The main direction is multi-dimensional numerical control, equipment grinding and polishing technology of special-shaped stone, processing equipment and tools of various complex space surfaces, and can refer to the structure and control technology of metal numerical control processing equipment for stone. Shaped processing equipment. The technology of stone plane shaped processing equipment is mature, and the CNC diamond bead wire saw, CNC waterjet cutting machine, 3D CNC milling machine and other special-shaped processing equipment have matured and are widely used in stone processing. The cutting and grinding and polishing technology of arc stone and spherical stone is relatively mature. Shaped edging equipment (especially various arc edges) has been continuously introduced to the market in recent years, and has achieved continuous grinding and polishing of multiple ends, and the level of equipment has been continuously improved.
It should be pointed out that in addition to the above-mentioned centralized processing equipment, the stone equipment should also include a diamond chain saw, a chamfering machine and the like. Other equipment is limited in the use of stone processing, so it is not described here.
V. Development trend of domestic stone equipment
From the development of foreign stone equipment this year and the application in the domestic stone industry, the current development trend of domestic stone equipment is mainly reflected in three aspects:
1. The development of stone equipment to high efficiency, such as the increase in the number of saw blades;
2. The development of stone equipment to automation, such as the extensive use of numerical control technology in stone processing equipment;
3, stone equipment to environmental development, such as diamond bead wire saw, high-pressure water jet and other environmentally friendly processing equipment development and application.
It can be foreseen that with the advancement of stone processing technology and equipment, stone processing enterprises will develop towards the direction of factoryization, management informationization, high quality and low consumption, and high efficiency and automation are still the eternal theme of stone equipment development!
About this double wheel caster wheel, we use High quality chrome plated bracket to produce it. And its Single wheel is TPR material. The capacity is 70 kg.
Twin Wheel Caster,Caster Wheels,double wheel caster, double wheel caster wheel
Yangjiang Xingyang Industry & Trade Co.,Ltd. , https://www.xycaster.com