An acceleration sensor is an electronic device that measures acceleration. Acceleration is the force that acts on an object during acceleration, just like gravity, or gravity. Acceleration can be a constant, such as g, or a variable.
Where is the accelerometer commonly used?
By measuring the acceleration due to gravity, you can calculate the tilt angle of the device relative to the horizontal plane. By analyzing dynamic acceleration, you can analyze how the device moves. But at the beginning, you will find that the light measurement tilt and acceleration do not seem to be very useful. However, engineers have now come up with many ways to get more useful information.
Accelerometers help your robot understand the environment in which it is now. Is it climbing? Is it going downhill, is it falling? Or for flying robots, it is also crucial for controlling the posture. What's more important is that your robot does not take the bomb to the crowd. A good programmer can use the accelerometer to answer all of the above questions. Accelerometers can even be used to analyze engine vibration.
At present, the latest IBM Thinkpad laptop has built-in accelerometer, which can dynamically monitor the vibration of the notebook in use, and according to the vibration data, the system will intelligently choose to turn off the hard disk or let it continue to operate, so as to maximize protection. Vibration, such as a bumpy working environment, or accidentally dropped the computer to cause damage to the hard disk, to maximize the protection of the data inside. Another use is in the current digital cameras and camcorders, as well as accelerometers, which are used to detect the vibration of the hand during shooting and automatically adjust the focus of the camera based on these vibrations.
How does the acceleration sensor work?
Most accelerometers work on the principle of piezoelectric effects.
The so-called piezoelectric effect is that "the external force applied to the crystal for the heteropolar crystal without the center of symmetry will change the polarization state of the crystal in addition to deforming the crystal, and establish an electric field inside the crystal. This is due to mechanical force. The phenomenon of polarizing a medium is called a positive piezoelectric effect.
The general acceleration sensor utilizes the characteristics of its internal crystal deformation due to acceleration. Since this deformation produces a voltage, as long as the relationship between the generated voltage and the applied acceleration is calculated, the acceleration can be converted into a voltage output. Of course, there are many other ways to make accelerometers, such as capacitive effects, thermal bubble effects, and optical effects, but the most basic principle is that deformation occurs in a medium due to acceleration. By measuring the amount of deformation and converting it into related circuits. Voltage output.
What should I consider when purchasing an acceleration sensor?
Analog output vs digital output:
This is the first thing to consider. This depends on the interface between your system and the accelerometer. Generally, the voltage and acceleration of the analog output are proportional. For example, 2.5V corresponds to an acceleration of 0g, and 2.6V corresponds to an acceleration of 0.5g. Digital output typically uses a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.
If the microcontroller you are using has only digital inputs, such as BASICStamp, then you can only select the digital output of the accelerometer, but the problem is that you have to take up an extra clock unit to process the PWM signal, and also for the processor. No small burden.
If you are using a microcontroller with an analog input, such as PIC/AVR/OOPIC, you can use the analog interface's accelerometer very simply. All you need to do is add an instruction like "acceleration=read_adc()" to the program. And the speed of processing this instruction is only a few microseconds.
Number of measuring axes:
For most projects, two-axis accelerometers are already available for most applications. For some special applications, such as UAV, ROV control, three-axis accelerometers may be suitable for a bit.
Maximum measured value:
If you only need to measure the tilt of the robot relative to the ground, a ±1.5g accelerometer is sufficient. But if you need to measure the dynamic performance of the robot, ±2g should also be enough. If your robot will suddenly start or stop, you need a ±5g sensor.
Sensitivity
In general, the more sensitive the better. The more sensitive the sensor is more sensitive to changes in acceleration over a certain range, the greater the change in output voltage, which makes it easier to measure and obtain more accurate measurements.
bandwidth
The bandwidth here actually refers to the refresh rate. This means how many readings the sensor produces per second. For applications where tilt angles are generally measured, a bandwidth of 50 Hz should be sufficient, but for dynamic performance such as vibration, you will need a sensor with hundreds of HZ bandwidths.
Resistance/cache mechanism
For some microcontrollers, for A/D conversion, the connected sensor must have a resistance of less than 10kΩ. For example, the Analog Devices s analog accelerometer has a resistance of 32kΩ and does not work properly on the PIC and AVR control boards. Therefore, it is recommended to read the controller manual carefully before purchasing the sensor to ensure that the sensor works properly.
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Tag: Accelerometer Piezoelectric Effect Capacitance Effect Symmetry Center IBMThinkpad
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