Recently, the 3D electronic printing technology and equipment research group of the Information Service and Intelligent Control Technology Research Institute of the Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used inkjet technology to successfully manufacture high-aspect ratio solar cell ultra-fine grid electrodes and realized key technologies. Breakthrough, and independently developed the first inkjet printing prototype system.
At present, more than 90% of crystalline silicon solar cells use screen printing technology to fabricate metal gates. However, there are some deficiencies in screen printing. First, the screen is in contact with the substrate (silicon wafer) during the printing process, which can easily cause the damage of the silicon wafer. Second, the screen printing often causes the waste of the slurry; the third is the screen printing technology. Accuracy and the aspect ratio of printed fine grids are difficult to increase, which has become a major obstacle to the cost and efficiency of crystalline silicon cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells are being improved in three directions: high efficiency, thinning, and low cost. Inkjet printing technology is considered to be a new generation of solar cell grid manufacturing technology that replaces traditional screen printing.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, under the support of the National "863" Program and the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research group of the Shenyang Institute of Automation conducted an in-depth study of the micro-jet mechanism and conducted research on the adaptability of domestic nano-silver paste materials and printing processes. , Independently developed engineering high-speed, high-precision printing control and large array nozzle linkage control technology. Through the optimization of injection rate, printing resolution, curing conditions and other manufacturing processes, the solar cell ultra-fine gate electrode core printing process with positive surface metal gate width <40 μm, aspect ratio >0.6 and uniform three-dimensional shape is designed and developed. The first inkjet printing prototype system in China has laid the foundation for the development and industrialization of the 50MW pilot line for photovoltaic equipment and the formation of an efficient and low cost ultrafine grid battery production line solution.
After introducing the inkjet printing technology into the solar cell super-fine-grid electrode pattern preparation, the key technologies such as reducing the width of the electrode grid line, digitizing the electrode pattern, non-contact printing, and continuous uninterrupted transmission, will increase production line productivity and reduce production. Fragmentation rate, saving raw and auxiliary material losses, reducing operating costs, and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency are all very good. Calculated with the 50MW standard battery production line, the introduction of inkjet printing equipment can increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells by 0.6%, reduce the consumption of silver materials by 40%, and save operating costs by 0.60 yuan/piece to 0.80 yuan/piece.
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