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According to the latest issue of "Science and Materials" magazine, MIT developed a new process for the production of ultra-fine fibers called gel electrospinning. The resulting nano-scale fibers have exceptional strength. And toughness, or can become a new choice for protective armor and nanocomposites.
Gregory Ratlich, a professor of chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said that materials science emphasizes balance. In general, researchers will see a corresponding drop in other properties when they improve a material's properties. Strength and toughness are such contradictions. The higher the strength of the material, the lower the toughness, the mechanism of energy absorption is destroyed and easier to break. Gel electrospinning breaks this balance mechanism.
The new technology has improved the traditional gel spinning technology and added electricity. The resulting polyethylene ultrafine fibers can match or exceed the properties of some of the strongest fibers (Kevlar and Dyneema that can be used to make body armor). Compared to carbon fibers and ceramic fibers, which are widely used in composite materials, the newly made gel electrospun polyethylene fibers have similar strength but higher toughness and lower density.
Different from the traditional gel spinning process, the new technology uses a single-stage process instead of a multi-stage process, resulting in a fiber with a higher degree of elongation, which is only a few hundred nanometers in diameter instead of the conventional 15 micrometers. The use of electricity instead of mechanical pulling makes the resulting fiber finer, resulting in unique properties. Rlatic said that fibers made from new processes could be used in the future to make lighter and stronger protective materials. (Reporter Feng Weidong)
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