After the autumn harvest, deep tillage and fertilization are a key technology for dry farming. First breakable autumn deep plow rigid, thickened cooked soil, top soil so that loose bulk density decreased, thereby enhancing the porosity increases water permeability of soil aeration, improve soil water, gas, thermal conditions, greatly expanding the root expansion Scope; Secondly, the combination of autumn deep tillage and fertilization can increase the soil organic matter, the number of aggregate structure of the soil , improve the stability of the aggregate structure, improve the chemical properties of the soil and increase the water retention capacity of the soil, and the Organic Fertilizer can be extended in autumn. The ripening time of organic fertilizer in the soil, after a winter maturity, the next year, the effective nutrients can be released in large quantities, absorbed by the crops, and after the application of inorganic fertilizers, the soil beneficial microbes can be further promoted, and the soil ripening can be accelerated. Non-absorbable mineral nutrients and organic nutrients are quickly converted into useful nutrients that can be absorbed; in the autumn, deep fertilization and fertilization are carried out at the same time , smashing the clods, smashing the surface, loosening the topsoil, loosening the surface, creating a virtual Solid soil structure, cut off the capillary, reduce evaporation, accept rainwater, store autumn rain and winter snow for spring use, this technology
Key points for the implementation of autumn deep tillage and fertilization techniques:
First, the time of deep cultivation:
It is carried out immediately after the harvest of the big autumn crop. The sooner the better, the early deep tillage and fertilization, the soil can accept and retain more rainwater, which is more conducive to promoting the application of organic fertilizer decomposing and prolonging the soil weathering time, accelerating the soil ripening process, and timely disposing the ground debris and weeds. Turn it down and let it rot and break down. The work is to be completed before the freeze.
Second, the depth of tillage:
Soil deep ditch plains, deep plowing Bay beach to 25 - 30cm. The soil is thin to 15cm deep sloping ridge to the left and right, thick soil of Taiwan Tin slope deep plowing to about 20cm.
Third, fertilization
1, next year plans to plant high-yielding crops (maize, sorghum, castor) and Liang Jing, intercropping of food grain high yield and high fertility field that is in the upper level of the ditch, Beach Bay, the fall Mushi manure 100--120 Tam , ammonium carbonate 100 kg, calcium 50 kg, biological potassium fertilizer 1 - 2 kg or chemical potassium (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate) 30 - 40 kg.
2, next year planting plan millet, cereals, potato crops plots the like fertility is moderate slope with two slopes and the like fall under the fertility of agricultural fertilizer Mushi 70--80 Tam, ammonium bicarbonate 50 pounds, 50 pounds of ordinary Potassium phosphate, biological potassium 2 pounds, more particularly guar, vegetables, potato crops like potassium required to be applied by chemical raw manure or potassium potash, in order to improve quality, improve disease resistance.
3 , organic fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, etc. should be evenly spread on the ground before the machine tillage, with the arable land into the soil, ammonium bicarbonate, biological potassium fertilizer with the ploughing, can not be applied in large areas, to avoid the evaporation of ammonium in the sun loss of biological activity and potassium; plots in animal plowing, organic fertilizer applied dustable ground surface required with other chemical fertilizers farming with slip, applied directly into the furrow.
4, should not be administered in autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and urea nitrate, ammonium nitrate because the soil can not be adsorbed colloids, the loss of snow fall and winter with easily, and therefore can not be applied in autumn.
5, when the spring planting, a phosphate fertilizer mu be 10 kg ammonium fertilizer as seed, random or next multicast administration plow slip species. Growth depends on the mid-crop mu topdressing with ammonium nitrate or urea 15--20 kg to meet the growing needs.
Fourth, 耙耱:
After applying the fertilizer in the autumn, the hoe will be smashed and the soil will be smashed to reduce evaporation and water storage. In addition , it is especially important to carry out the leaching in the early spring when the land is thawed more than 1 inch . At this time, the temperature gradually rises, the soil evaporation increases day by day, and the speed of dilation increases, so it is necessary to rush early.
Five plots in autumn deep plowing with harrowing and fertilization technology implementation, but also do a good job in outside the pad cut, trimming playing weir farmland capital construction, the outer land high in the low lateral high, 50mm of rainfall within 24 hours without water Land to enhance the ability of the land to store water and protect.
In short, the promotion of dry farming techniques with autumn and deep tillage and fertilization can lay a good foundation for next year's agricultural high yield, and create conditions for high-yield and stable production of grain, melon and vegetables next year.
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