At 21:16:03 on September 29, with the command of "ignition", the rocket carrying the "Tiangong-1" target aircraft quickly flew into the sky in a huge roar. According to reports, as of now, "Tiangong No. 1" is in good working condition, all flights are normal, and various tests are progressing smoothly.
According to the experience of various countries, the development of a country's space technology must rely on the development of chemical technology. Then, what chemical high-tech products are carried by “Tiangong No.1â€? This reporter interviewed the experts who have been engaged in the basic research of spacecraft materials for a long time and the chemical enterprises that provide product guarantee for “Tiangong No.1â€.
The most used are coatings, carbon fiber composites, propellants, adhesives, and the like.
It is understood that the most used chemical products in "Tiangong No. 1" are aerospace coatings, carbon fiber composite materials, rocket propellants, adhesives and so on.
With many years of attention and research on aircraft materials, Dr. Fu Xiaoqing from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics believes that the Long March II FT1 rocket launched with the "Tiangong No. 1" is using the second generation of rocket fuel, and its combustion agent is Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine, the oxidant is dinitrogen tetroxide. These are high-end chemical products. Since nitrous oxide is a strong acid liquid, which part of the body is stained with it can cause skin ulceration, and a slight carelessness can have serious consequences. At present, China's related chemical companies are stepping up the development of the third generation of rocket fuel. The oxidant is converted to liquid oxygen. This fuel is non-toxic and can protect the fuel filling staff in addition to the special performance required by the rocket. Safety and shorten fueling time.
Fu Xiaoqing also revealed that the "Tiangong No. 1" should be sent into space, and the speed of the launch vehicle should reach 8 kilometers per second. At such a fast speed, the friction of the rocket's outer shell with the atmosphere will produce temperatures of thousands of degrees Celsius. A special coating is guaranteed to ensure that the rocket can withstand such high temperatures and fly normally. China's chemical companies provide special coatings on the outer shell of the rocket - heat-resistant insulation coatings. After wearing this solid coat, the rocket can fly safely in the atmosphere.
According to Weng Lijun, a researcher at the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, after the launch of "Tiangong No. 1", the solar windsurfing mechanism may be cold welded due to lubrication problems; some other driving mechanisms are completely exposed to vacuum. To ensure that these institutions are in good track for 2 years, they are inseparable from the performance of lubricating materials. "From the power subsystem to some space-moving mechanisms for payloads, the lubricant we developed covers almost the entire body of the 'Tiangong No.1'." Weng Lijun said.
According to Prof. Zhang Chunhui, director of the Science and Technology Development Department of Sinopec Lubricant Company, in order to achieve a smooth connection with the “Shenbaâ€, “Shenjiu†and “Shenshi†spacecraft that will soon be launched, it is ensured that the track and posture can be precisely adjusted. The inertia guidance system and the air attitude control system of the Tiangong-1 use aerospace-specific lubricants. The aerospace lubricant used this time can meet the continuous operation of 50,000 hours, and it only needs to be filled once, and it does not need to be replaced in the middle.
In addition, "Tiangong No. 1" also used a large number of adhesive products. Don't think that this is an inconspicuous auxiliary material, but with its adhesive properties, the two separate materials are firmly connected together and have their own unique features. “The manufacturer must have a specific formula, which must be strictly observed in production. Any deviation may lead to poor bonding and other quality problems.†Fu Xiaoqing said.
Sun Xiaozhu, deputy director of the Eighth Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that the “Tiangong No.1†resource cabin section uses aluminum-lithium alloy materials instead of traditional materials, thus reducing the weight of the cabin by 10%. The full set of rubber seals used on "Tiangong No.1" has a service life of 30 years, which ensures the sealing effect of "Tiangong No.1" when docked with the spacecraft and its internal air environment and astronauts' life safety.
Only 4 blue characters of "China Aerospace" have more than 10 kinds of formula materials.
The chemical products supplied to "Tiangong No. 1" not only require advanced technology, but also meet the performance requirements under special circumstances, and the production process is also extraordinary. Therefore, every chemical company that supplies products for "Tiangong No. 1" has made every effort.
Tianjin Yanhai Chemical Co., Ltd. provided a room temperature fast epoxy adhesive named “914†for “Tiangong No.1â€. According to Wang Yanlu, deputy general manager, compared with ordinary adhesives, the most characteristic of this adhesive is that it can be cured quickly at room temperature, with high temperature resistance, low temperature and high toughness, making "Tiangong No.1" very good. Adapt to the working environment with large temperature difference. In order to ensure the reliable quality of the products, the company will carry out rigorous tests on each batch of adhesives. The viscous test pieces are soaked in water at room temperature, and the bonding strength is not reduced after one month. Since the 1980s, as a model of China's aerospace supporting products, this type of adhesive has been widely used by satellites and spacecraft such as "Chang'e-1", "Chang'e II", "Shenliu", and "Shenqi".
Han Dong, chief engineer of Jiangxi Xinghuo Aerospace New Materials Co., told CCIN reporters that the propellant technology they provided to the Long March II FTI rocket was only available in China, the United States and Russia. The fuel they produce has exceeded the US military standards in terms of various data.
Han Dong told reporters that the Long March II FT1 carrier rocket was modified to add 16 tons of fuel to the regular Long March II F rocket, with a maximum driving force of 600 tons. The rockets such as Austar and Yaxing launched earlier in China used foreign propellants, but after the launch, they found that there were quality problems. After switching to the propellant of Spark Company, the quality was 100% qualified, and the country produced many propellants. The tasks were handed over to them. Since 1973, it has been tasked with various types of rocket launch propellant fuels for China. The Long March series of launch vehicles, Shenzhou No. 1 to No. 5, and the Shenzhou No. 6 manned spacecraft have been injected with a large part of the propellant from the plant. .
Xin Hu, chief engineer of Sinopec Great Wall Lubricating Oil Synthetic Grease Factory, which supplies lubricants for “Tiangong No.1â€, said that after “Tiangong No.1†entered space, the side of the sun was at 100 °C, and the side facing the sun was at -100. °C, the temperature difference is nearly 200 °C. Such a large temperature difference has very stringent requirements on the viscosity of aerospace lubricants. "We can only produce about 5 kilograms of aerospace lubricants with 5 tons of basic organic chemical materials." According to him, in addition to withstanding the huge temperature difference, Great Wall lubricants have to withstand many tests. For example, the spacecraft must be overweight. Operating under complex conditions such as weightlessness and strong radiation, it requires a strong stability of the lubricating oil, no reaction with a variety of radiation, and no combustion explosion. In order to ensure performance, aerospace lubricants must be produced in the highest level of clean room, the dust inside is counted by the ion counter, and the standard can be produced.
As a designated aerospace coatings and coatings company in China, at the beginning of this year, Tianjin Lighthouse Coatings Co., Ltd. received the task of producing ultra-high-performance quality coatings for “Tiangong No.1†and the newly improved Long March II FT1 rocket. Wang Peiming is the technical expert group of the team leader and participates in the inspection of raw materials, formula review and verification of each production process and quality.
Wang Pei-Ming said that the milky white aerospace coating applied to the rocket's exterior has more than 10 kinds of raw materials. From the selection of materials to processing into resins, and finally to aerospace coating products, 16 large-scale processes need to be completed. There are dozens of small processes in each major process, and the process is extremely complicated. "Every time the spacecraft launches, you can see that the rocket has written a few blue characters of 'China Aerospace', which is written with special aerospace paint. Only this kind of coating has more than 10 kinds of ingredients. "Wang Pei-Ming said.
For the "Tiangong No.1" to provide high-performance sealing ring, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, four hospitals, in order to ensure that the seals in the high vacuum, -70 ° C ~ 200 ° C environment for long-term use, but also in the strong ultraviolet radiation, charged particles Under the special use environment such as photo and atomic oxygen, it will not cause degradation, aging and cracking. The production personnel shall endure the high temperature of 160 °C of the vulcanizing machine in the workshop where the air conditioner cannot be installed every day, and the mold will weigh four to five hundred kilograms. Warming up, loading, unloading, demoulding, and sampling, and repeating it dozens of times.
It is a true hero that allows ordinary people to enjoy these products.
It is understood that taking the aerospace and military industries as the guide and the civilian market as the purpose, this is the trajectory of the rapid development of foreign chemical technology.
"Maybe many people still think that these high-end chemical products that help the 'Tiangong No.1' are far from the lives of ordinary people, but maybe in the near future, they will enter the homes of ordinary people. This is modernization. One of the directions of science and technology." Fu Xiaoqing said that the help of "Tiangong No.1" is of course a hero, but only if these good products can be enjoyed by ordinary people is a true hero.
"With the '914' adhesive we developed, in addition to aerospace military, ship, radio instrument and other products, it can also be used to bond wood, ceramics and other materials. Our porcelain broke, use '914 'The adhesive is stronger than the original. In addition, some high-grade antique furniture, refrigerators, washing machine and other coatings will also use this adhesive." Wang Yanlu said.
Zhang Chunhui said: "NASA has worked with racing companies to create a high-grade lubricant for the protection of racing engines operating at high speeds and temperatures. This lubricant was originally designed to meet the needs of aerospace and mobile launch platforms. R&D.†He said that the ultra-high viscosity-temperature performance lubrication technology of foreign aerospace lubricants in high temperature environment has been successfully applied to vehicle oils, enabling vehicles to start normally at -40 ° C low temperature and 50 ° C high temperature environment. Through the transformation and application of aerospace technology, many sophisticated lubricant products are also widely used in civilian applications such as automobiles, home appliances, textiles, building materials, and steel to meet the increasingly demanding lubrication requirements of vehicles and equipment.
Zhang Chunhui said that the Great Wall “Jinjixing†lubricants designed by the company for China's road conditions and vehicle conditions effectively solved the lubrication needs of the vehicles under frequent shifting and vehicle opening and closing conditions, effectively reducing wear and black. The formation of sludge, while meeting the needs of consumers, continues to promote the level of China's lubricant industry.
According to the reporter's understanding, the carrier rocket that launched the "Tiangong No. 1" was heavily used in carbon fiber products. This kind of product will be of great use in the civilian field in the future. Fu Xiaoqing told CCIN reporter that foreign carbon fiber is used in automobile engines, transmissions, chassis and suspension, and structural parts of the body. Automobiles made of this composite material are likely to reduce the quality by 60%. In the field of building materials, in order to improve the disadvantages of low tensile strength of cement, people use carbon fiber mechanical properties to make carbon fiber reinforced composite materials with concrete or cement as the matrix, which is increasingly favored by people in the construction industry.
It is understood that the demand for carbon fiber in China has exceeded 5,000 tons in 2010. In particular, the demand for carbon fiber materials for civilian sports and leisure products such as golf clubs, fishing gear, tennis rackets and rowing boats is also increasing, accounting for the total consumption. More than 80%. However, at present, there are very few enterprises in China that have mastered the core technology of carbon fiber, and high-end carbon fiber products are still mainly imported. Therefore, Fu Xiaoqing believes that domestic enterprises should overcome the core technology of carbon fiber as soon as possible, not only to meet the needs of the aerospace field, but also to meet the needs of civilian use. He said that all the chemical enterprises that provide products for "Tiangong No.1" should take the civilian market as the direction of efforts in the next step, broaden the product market, reduce costs, and make the price civilian. This is the real development path for Chinese chemical companies.
The milky white coating applied to the appearance of the "Tiangong No. 1" carrier rocket was produced by Tianjin Lighthouse Coating Co., Ltd. The picture shows the company's researchers in the development of aerospace special coatings.
According to the experience of various countries, the development of a country's space technology must rely on the development of chemical technology. Then, what chemical high-tech products are carried by “Tiangong No.1â€? This reporter interviewed the experts who have been engaged in the basic research of spacecraft materials for a long time and the chemical enterprises that provide product guarantee for “Tiangong No.1â€.
The most used are coatings, carbon fiber composites, propellants, adhesives, and the like.
It is understood that the most used chemical products in "Tiangong No. 1" are aerospace coatings, carbon fiber composite materials, rocket propellants, adhesives and so on.
With many years of attention and research on aircraft materials, Dr. Fu Xiaoqing from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics believes that the Long March II FT1 rocket launched with the "Tiangong No. 1" is using the second generation of rocket fuel, and its combustion agent is Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine, the oxidant is dinitrogen tetroxide. These are high-end chemical products. Since nitrous oxide is a strong acid liquid, which part of the body is stained with it can cause skin ulceration, and a slight carelessness can have serious consequences. At present, China's related chemical companies are stepping up the development of the third generation of rocket fuel. The oxidant is converted to liquid oxygen. This fuel is non-toxic and can protect the fuel filling staff in addition to the special performance required by the rocket. Safety and shorten fueling time.
Fu Xiaoqing also revealed that the "Tiangong No. 1" should be sent into space, and the speed of the launch vehicle should reach 8 kilometers per second. At such a fast speed, the friction of the rocket's outer shell with the atmosphere will produce temperatures of thousands of degrees Celsius. A special coating is guaranteed to ensure that the rocket can withstand such high temperatures and fly normally. China's chemical companies provide special coatings on the outer shell of the rocket - heat-resistant insulation coatings. After wearing this solid coat, the rocket can fly safely in the atmosphere.
According to Weng Lijun, a researcher at the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, after the launch of "Tiangong No. 1", the solar windsurfing mechanism may be cold welded due to lubrication problems; some other driving mechanisms are completely exposed to vacuum. To ensure that these institutions are in good track for 2 years, they are inseparable from the performance of lubricating materials. "From the power subsystem to some space-moving mechanisms for payloads, the lubricant we developed covers almost the entire body of the 'Tiangong No.1'." Weng Lijun said.
According to Prof. Zhang Chunhui, director of the Science and Technology Development Department of Sinopec Lubricant Company, in order to achieve a smooth connection with the “Shenbaâ€, “Shenjiu†and “Shenshi†spacecraft that will soon be launched, it is ensured that the track and posture can be precisely adjusted. The inertia guidance system and the air attitude control system of the Tiangong-1 use aerospace-specific lubricants. The aerospace lubricant used this time can meet the continuous operation of 50,000 hours, and it only needs to be filled once, and it does not need to be replaced in the middle.
In addition, "Tiangong No. 1" also used a large number of adhesive products. Don't think that this is an inconspicuous auxiliary material, but with its adhesive properties, the two separate materials are firmly connected together and have their own unique features. “The manufacturer must have a specific formula, which must be strictly observed in production. Any deviation may lead to poor bonding and other quality problems.†Fu Xiaoqing said.
Sun Xiaozhu, deputy director of the Eighth Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that the “Tiangong No.1†resource cabin section uses aluminum-lithium alloy materials instead of traditional materials, thus reducing the weight of the cabin by 10%. The full set of rubber seals used on "Tiangong No.1" has a service life of 30 years, which ensures the sealing effect of "Tiangong No.1" when docked with the spacecraft and its internal air environment and astronauts' life safety.
Only 4 blue characters of "China Aerospace" have more than 10 kinds of formula materials.
The chemical products supplied to "Tiangong No. 1" not only require advanced technology, but also meet the performance requirements under special circumstances, and the production process is also extraordinary. Therefore, every chemical company that supplies products for "Tiangong No. 1" has made every effort.
Tianjin Yanhai Chemical Co., Ltd. provided a room temperature fast epoxy adhesive named “914†for “Tiangong No.1â€. According to Wang Yanlu, deputy general manager, compared with ordinary adhesives, the most characteristic of this adhesive is that it can be cured quickly at room temperature, with high temperature resistance, low temperature and high toughness, making "Tiangong No.1" very good. Adapt to the working environment with large temperature difference. In order to ensure the reliable quality of the products, the company will carry out rigorous tests on each batch of adhesives. The viscous test pieces are soaked in water at room temperature, and the bonding strength is not reduced after one month. Since the 1980s, as a model of China's aerospace supporting products, this type of adhesive has been widely used by satellites and spacecraft such as "Chang'e-1", "Chang'e II", "Shenliu", and "Shenqi".
Han Dong, chief engineer of Jiangxi Xinghuo Aerospace New Materials Co., told CCIN reporters that the propellant technology they provided to the Long March II FTI rocket was only available in China, the United States and Russia. The fuel they produce has exceeded the US military standards in terms of various data.
Han Dong told reporters that the Long March II FT1 carrier rocket was modified to add 16 tons of fuel to the regular Long March II F rocket, with a maximum driving force of 600 tons. The rockets such as Austar and Yaxing launched earlier in China used foreign propellants, but after the launch, they found that there were quality problems. After switching to the propellant of Spark Company, the quality was 100% qualified, and the country produced many propellants. The tasks were handed over to them. Since 1973, it has been tasked with various types of rocket launch propellant fuels for China. The Long March series of launch vehicles, Shenzhou No. 1 to No. 5, and the Shenzhou No. 6 manned spacecraft have been injected with a large part of the propellant from the plant. .
Xin Hu, chief engineer of Sinopec Great Wall Lubricating Oil Synthetic Grease Factory, which supplies lubricants for “Tiangong No.1â€, said that after “Tiangong No.1†entered space, the side of the sun was at 100 °C, and the side facing the sun was at -100. °C, the temperature difference is nearly 200 °C. Such a large temperature difference has very stringent requirements on the viscosity of aerospace lubricants. "We can only produce about 5 kilograms of aerospace lubricants with 5 tons of basic organic chemical materials." According to him, in addition to withstanding the huge temperature difference, Great Wall lubricants have to withstand many tests. For example, the spacecraft must be overweight. Operating under complex conditions such as weightlessness and strong radiation, it requires a strong stability of the lubricating oil, no reaction with a variety of radiation, and no combustion explosion. In order to ensure performance, aerospace lubricants must be produced in the highest level of clean room, the dust inside is counted by the ion counter, and the standard can be produced.
As a designated aerospace coatings and coatings company in China, at the beginning of this year, Tianjin Lighthouse Coatings Co., Ltd. received the task of producing ultra-high-performance quality coatings for “Tiangong No.1†and the newly improved Long March II FT1 rocket. Wang Peiming is the technical expert group of the team leader and participates in the inspection of raw materials, formula review and verification of each production process and quality.
Wang Pei-Ming said that the milky white aerospace coating applied to the rocket's exterior has more than 10 kinds of raw materials. From the selection of materials to processing into resins, and finally to aerospace coating products, 16 large-scale processes need to be completed. There are dozens of small processes in each major process, and the process is extremely complicated. "Every time the spacecraft launches, you can see that the rocket has written a few blue characters of 'China Aerospace', which is written with special aerospace paint. Only this kind of coating has more than 10 kinds of ingredients. "Wang Pei-Ming said.
For the "Tiangong No.1" to provide high-performance sealing ring, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, four hospitals, in order to ensure that the seals in the high vacuum, -70 ° C ~ 200 ° C environment for long-term use, but also in the strong ultraviolet radiation, charged particles Under the special use environment such as photo and atomic oxygen, it will not cause degradation, aging and cracking. The production personnel shall endure the high temperature of 160 °C of the vulcanizing machine in the workshop where the air conditioner cannot be installed every day, and the mold will weigh four to five hundred kilograms. Warming up, loading, unloading, demoulding, and sampling, and repeating it dozens of times.
It is a true hero that allows ordinary people to enjoy these products.
It is understood that taking the aerospace and military industries as the guide and the civilian market as the purpose, this is the trajectory of the rapid development of foreign chemical technology.
"Maybe many people still think that these high-end chemical products that help the 'Tiangong No.1' are far from the lives of ordinary people, but maybe in the near future, they will enter the homes of ordinary people. This is modernization. One of the directions of science and technology." Fu Xiaoqing said that the help of "Tiangong No.1" is of course a hero, but only if these good products can be enjoyed by ordinary people is a true hero.
"With the '914' adhesive we developed, in addition to aerospace military, ship, radio instrument and other products, it can also be used to bond wood, ceramics and other materials. Our porcelain broke, use '914 'The adhesive is stronger than the original. In addition, some high-grade antique furniture, refrigerators, washing machine and other coatings will also use this adhesive." Wang Yanlu said.
Zhang Chunhui said: "NASA has worked with racing companies to create a high-grade lubricant for the protection of racing engines operating at high speeds and temperatures. This lubricant was originally designed to meet the needs of aerospace and mobile launch platforms. R&D.†He said that the ultra-high viscosity-temperature performance lubrication technology of foreign aerospace lubricants in high temperature environment has been successfully applied to vehicle oils, enabling vehicles to start normally at -40 ° C low temperature and 50 ° C high temperature environment. Through the transformation and application of aerospace technology, many sophisticated lubricant products are also widely used in civilian applications such as automobiles, home appliances, textiles, building materials, and steel to meet the increasingly demanding lubrication requirements of vehicles and equipment.
Zhang Chunhui said that the Great Wall “Jinjixing†lubricants designed by the company for China's road conditions and vehicle conditions effectively solved the lubrication needs of the vehicles under frequent shifting and vehicle opening and closing conditions, effectively reducing wear and black. The formation of sludge, while meeting the needs of consumers, continues to promote the level of China's lubricant industry.
According to the reporter's understanding, the carrier rocket that launched the "Tiangong No. 1" was heavily used in carbon fiber products. This kind of product will be of great use in the civilian field in the future. Fu Xiaoqing told CCIN reporter that foreign carbon fiber is used in automobile engines, transmissions, chassis and suspension, and structural parts of the body. Automobiles made of this composite material are likely to reduce the quality by 60%. In the field of building materials, in order to improve the disadvantages of low tensile strength of cement, people use carbon fiber mechanical properties to make carbon fiber reinforced composite materials with concrete or cement as the matrix, which is increasingly favored by people in the construction industry.
It is understood that the demand for carbon fiber in China has exceeded 5,000 tons in 2010. In particular, the demand for carbon fiber materials for civilian sports and leisure products such as golf clubs, fishing gear, tennis rackets and rowing boats is also increasing, accounting for the total consumption. More than 80%. However, at present, there are very few enterprises in China that have mastered the core technology of carbon fiber, and high-end carbon fiber products are still mainly imported. Therefore, Fu Xiaoqing believes that domestic enterprises should overcome the core technology of carbon fiber as soon as possible, not only to meet the needs of the aerospace field, but also to meet the needs of civilian use. He said that all the chemical enterprises that provide products for "Tiangong No.1" should take the civilian market as the direction of efforts in the next step, broaden the product market, reduce costs, and make the price civilian. This is the real development path for Chinese chemical companies.
The milky white coating applied to the appearance of the "Tiangong No. 1" carrier rocket was produced by Tianjin Lighthouse Coating Co., Ltd. The picture shows the company's researchers in the development of aerospace special coatings.
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