At present, it is the season of ripening and harvesting of various fruit trees. The orchard should be fertilized in time after harvesting, which is conducive to the continuous production in the coming year. Different kinds of fruit trees from the north to the south should be applied with fruit picking.
The main function of this fertilization is to timely supplement the results of this year and the nutrient consumption of the tree after harvesting. After fertilization, roots are rooted to promote the restoration of the tree, and the material basis for next year's results will be prepared. Experienced fruit farmers know that the same amount of fertilizer in autumn is obviously better than spring fertilization, which can reduce and avoid the most taboo problem in fruit tree production. Therefore, timely application of fruit fertilizer is conducive to the continued orchard in the coming year. Increase production.
In order to achieve the above objectives, this fertilization should reflect three major characteristics:
First, it must be soil fertilization, which belongs to the bottom fertilizer. Only the deep application combined with soil operation can achieve the purpose of rooting and rooting. Because roots are both organs for absorbing and storing nutrients for perennial fruit trees and deciduous fruit trees, the nutrients required for tree growth and development in the second year are mainly derived from root storage. The level of storage nutrients determines the flower bud differentiation of fruit trees in the coming year. The quality of the fruit also determines the cold resistance and other traits of the fruit tree. The root system of fruit trees in the ground generally does not have natural dormancy. As long as the conditions are suitable, the roots can occur and grow throughout the year, and the peaks of root growth will occur in different fruit trees in autumn and winter. Especially in the case of high fruit yield and heavy tree load, if the fertilizer is not applied in the fall, the root nutrition can not keep up, not only does not grow autumn roots, but also seriously affects the wintering and spring rooting of fruit trees. It must reduce spring roots and germination, which is not conducive to the growth of the next year's fruit. Second, from the distribution of fertilization amount, this time is the heavy fertilization, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied half of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is almost applied, and the potassium fertilizer should be applied for most of the whole year. Third, it is reasonable to combine organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer.
Attention should be paid to the mastery of fertilization techniques:
Fertilization period. For early-maturing and robust trees, it is better to pick the fruit, but for late-maturing, weak trees and trees with more fruits in the same year, it should be applied 10 days or half a month before harvesting. For example, the application period of winter jujube is earlier than other fruit trees. Because compared with other deciduous fruit trees, winter jujube has the characteristics of late sprouting and early defoliation.
The amount of fertilizer applied and the proportion of nutrients. The amount of fertilizer applied varies with tree species and strains, but it must reflect the equally important principle of NPK fertilizer. Taking peach trees as an example, the nutrient ratio of NPK is 1:0.6:1; the nitrogen application rate per plant is about 0.20-0.30 kg. The ratio of demand for NPK to persimmon trees is 1:0.35:0.80. It can be seen that the demand for nitrogen in persimmon trees is large. In the litchi production area, there is a general phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer. To this end, in this fertilization should pay special attention to the balanced application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, but also pay attention to the supplementary application of calcium, magnesium and trace elements.
Fertilization depth. The depth of fertilization varies depending on the type of causal tree. The winter jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree with a depth of 40 cm. The depth of the apple-shaped fertilization is 50-60 cm. The radial fertilization is 50 cm deep in the edge of the canopy; the persimmon root is deep and the lateral roots are underdeveloped. Depth should be 60 ~ 80 cm; peach tree ditch or ring application, depth of 40 ~ 50 cm is appropriate.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University, Cao Yiping)
The main function of this fertilization is to timely supplement the results of this year and the nutrient consumption of the tree after harvesting. After fertilization, roots are rooted to promote the restoration of the tree, and the material basis for next year's results will be prepared. Experienced fruit farmers know that the same amount of fertilizer in autumn is obviously better than spring fertilization, which can reduce and avoid the most taboo problem in fruit tree production. Therefore, timely application of fruit fertilizer is conducive to the continued orchard in the coming year. Increase production.
In order to achieve the above objectives, this fertilization should reflect three major characteristics:
First, it must be soil fertilization, which belongs to the bottom fertilizer. Only the deep application combined with soil operation can achieve the purpose of rooting and rooting. Because roots are both organs for absorbing and storing nutrients for perennial fruit trees and deciduous fruit trees, the nutrients required for tree growth and development in the second year are mainly derived from root storage. The level of storage nutrients determines the flower bud differentiation of fruit trees in the coming year. The quality of the fruit also determines the cold resistance and other traits of the fruit tree. The root system of fruit trees in the ground generally does not have natural dormancy. As long as the conditions are suitable, the roots can occur and grow throughout the year, and the peaks of root growth will occur in different fruit trees in autumn and winter. Especially in the case of high fruit yield and heavy tree load, if the fertilizer is not applied in the fall, the root nutrition can not keep up, not only does not grow autumn roots, but also seriously affects the wintering and spring rooting of fruit trees. It must reduce spring roots and germination, which is not conducive to the growth of the next year's fruit. Second, from the distribution of fertilization amount, this time is the heavy fertilization, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied half of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is almost applied, and the potassium fertilizer should be applied for most of the whole year. Third, it is reasonable to combine organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer.
Attention should be paid to the mastery of fertilization techniques:
Fertilization period. For early-maturing and robust trees, it is better to pick the fruit, but for late-maturing, weak trees and trees with more fruits in the same year, it should be applied 10 days or half a month before harvesting. For example, the application period of winter jujube is earlier than other fruit trees. Because compared with other deciduous fruit trees, winter jujube has the characteristics of late sprouting and early defoliation.
The amount of fertilizer applied and the proportion of nutrients. The amount of fertilizer applied varies with tree species and strains, but it must reflect the equally important principle of NPK fertilizer. Taking peach trees as an example, the nutrient ratio of NPK is 1:0.6:1; the nitrogen application rate per plant is about 0.20-0.30 kg. The ratio of demand for NPK to persimmon trees is 1:0.35:0.80. It can be seen that the demand for nitrogen in persimmon trees is large. In the litchi production area, there is a general phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer. To this end, in this fertilization should pay special attention to the balanced application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, but also pay attention to the supplementary application of calcium, magnesium and trace elements.
Fertilization depth. The depth of fertilization varies depending on the type of causal tree. The winter jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree with a depth of 40 cm. The depth of the apple-shaped fertilization is 50-60 cm. The radial fertilization is 50 cm deep in the edge of the canopy; the persimmon root is deep and the lateral roots are underdeveloped. Depth should be 60 ~ 80 cm; peach tree ditch or ring application, depth of 40 ~ 50 cm is appropriate.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University, Cao Yiping)
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