Dear friends, everyone, the Century Pesticide Network Xiaobian has come to give you a general approach to the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests. Doing a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases is a very important part of the planting process and is of great significance for improving production. Let's take a look at it with Xiaobian!
The apple orchard presents diseases such as pre-deciduous disease, decay disease, ring disease and viral constriction disease, flower face disease and mosaic disease. Generally speaking, the apple tree enters the initial fruiting period 3-5 years after planting, enters the fruiting period after 6-8 years, and enters the ageing stage in about 20 years. Now, in many places, the tree of 15 years or so has shown weakness. Why is this situation present?
Poor nutritional conditions
Many orchards have a problem of low soil organic matter content and insufficient organic fertilizer application. Although the income of fruit farmers has increased in the past two years, and the positive progress has been gradually added, the application amount of organic fertilizer has been gradually added, but it has not yet reached the proper standard, and organic nutrition is still lacking. In addition, many fruit farmers pay attention to Shiji fertilizer, but sometimes there is no topdressing, so that fruit trees can not get timely and sufficient nutrient supply during each critical period of growth.
Overloaded
Some fruit farmers still have the idea of ​​adding income with output value, and they have too much fruit, which has become a “predatory†production, which makes the tree load too heavy, and the fruit is too small. The next year, the amount of flowers is reduced, which constitutes the phenomenon of large and small years. Premature aging, reduced disease resistance.
The use of ring stripping skills is not appropriate
In order to promote the formation of flower buds, some fruit growers are stripped on the backbone branches and side branches of the tree, and the stripping is wider, which constitutes a poor wound healing, which seriously affects the transportation of nutrients from the photosynthesis to the roots, leading to the tree body. The organic nutrient heap is poor, and the tree is extremely weak, which is easy to cause various diseases.
In addition to the above three main reasons, the use of plastic trimming skills is not appropriate, pest control is not effective, drought, freezing damage, etc. will also affect the tree.
In order to constitute the main cause of the weakness of the tree, the following measures are needed to enhance the tree:
1 Add organic fertilizer, timely topdressing, and improve the nutritional level of the tree. In the autumn and winter seasons, the application of decomposed chicken manure, cattle and sheep manure, human excrement and other farmyard manure can be used to fertilize the soil, enhance the tree potential, and improve the disease resistance of the tree. The application rate of organic fertilizer is based on the standard of “jinjinjinfeiâ€.
2 appropriate amount of fruit. Determine the appropriate amount of fruit retention, to ensure stable production, high yield, balance the tree, and enhance the disease resistance of the tree. The amount of fruit retained can be determined by the distance thinning method or the dry week method.
3 Perform circumcision skills instead of ringing skills. In order to promote the apple tree to form flower buds, some fruit growers are stripped on the backbone branches of the tree at different levels, and the stripping is wider, which constitutes a poor wound healing, which seriously affects the transportation of the nutrient roots, leading to weak trees and causing pre-deciduous diseases. .
In order to enhance the tree potential, improve the disease resistance, stop the stripping in the center, and then carry out the multi-channel circumcision on the main branches, side branches and branches, and start to circle in the horizontal direction at the 15cm above the base of the branches. Cut through. According to the branch, cut 1-2 times each time, the distance is 10cm, and the distance is 7-10d. When cutting the circumcision, the cutting distance should not be less than 3cm, and the orchard with large amount of flowers and stability should not adopt the circumcision skill.
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