The treatment of construction waste resources has become an important part of the “13th Five-Year Plan†ecological civilization construction. However, it is still difficult to achieve resource and marketization in the current conditions of China, and even 100% resource and marketization is still difficult. It is necessary to grasp the key issues and make comprehensive efforts.
Construction Waste Recycling "Two Sessions Time" Continued
The two sessions of the country have closed, but the "two sessions" of the construction waste recycling industry is still continuing.
On March 8, a proposal submitted by some members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on the “Proposal to Accelerate the Development of 100% Recycling of Construction Waste†was triggered by the people inside and outside the industry.
During the two sessions, media people interviewed nearly 20 representatives of the two associations and senior industry experts around the "two sessions of the proposal to speed up the traditional disposal of construction waste", launched a series of multi-phase reports. Once the report was launched, it quickly received enthusiastic response from inside and outside the industry. Many readers expressed their expectations and suggestions for the construction waste recycling industry by means of calls and letters. There are many industry experts and scholars.
Director of Academic Committee of China Building Materials Industry Planning and Research Institute/Building Material Industry Information Center, Professor-level Senior Engineer Zhang Shixiu
At present, there are two main ways to dispose of construction waste in the world, one is traditional disposal and the other is resource disposal.
The traditional disposal of construction waste refers to the landfill, storage, backfilling, road construction, etc. of construction waste. Generally, it does not need to be classified, and sometimes it can be simply broken.
Recycling is to turn garbage into renewable resources and make various products to meet market needs, emphasizing “value†and “efficiencyâ€. In general, the finer and purer the classification, the wider the use of resources, and the higher the utilization and utilization value.
The amount of construction waste generated abroad is less than that of China, and the production time is more dispersed. Moreover, the buildings are mostly multi-storey, brick-wood, and slab-like structures. When demolition, there is strict classification and process management from the source, so the resource utilization ratio is higher. high.
Due to the large-scale urbanization brought about by large-scale urbanization, China produces more than one billion tons of construction waste every year. At present, China's construction waste disposal is still mainly based on storage, landfill and road construction. The resource utilization rate is far lower than that of developed countries, and a considerable part still cannot meet safety standards.
In recent years, with the shortage of natural sandstone resources, mining has been severely restricted, the price of sand and gravel has soared; and construction waste has accumulated into mountains, which not only occupy a large amount of land, pollute the surrounding environment, but also frequently cause safety accidents, causing people’s lives and Serious damage to property. Construction waste has reached the stage of non-use, and China has begun to pay attention to the recycling of construction waste.
However, it is still difficult to achieve resource and marketization with the conditions currently available in China, and even 100% resource and marketization. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the key issues of comprehensive efforts.
Garbage classification is the key content of resource
The key to the recycling of construction waste is to classify the waste. However, the classification and treatment of garbage in the process of construction waste recycling in China is still relatively extensive.
The most common practice is that the construction unit removes useful materials such as main steel bars and intact bricks; the waste recyclers pick up scrap metal, waste plastics, waste glass bottles, cardboard, and wood boards. The remaining construction waste is on site or pulled to a special disposal site, which is crushed by garbage crushing equipment. At the same time, the recycled aggregate, powder, steel and light materials (wood, plastic, paper, cloth, bottle, etc.) are separated. Cans, etc.). Recycled aggregate replaces part of natural aggregate for general non-structural concrete or plastering, masonry mortar, powder for sand, brick, paving or building block materials, steel and light materials by manual or The machinery is further separated and sold or used as a fuel.
As people's calls for the utilization of construction waste resources are getting higher and higher, construction waste sorting technology is constantly innovating and improving, mainly in several aspects:
First, as far as possible, the aggregates are classified, classified, washed, and shaped according to the particle size to meet different applications and grading requirements; or the concrete blocks and bricks are separated from the source, and the higher strength regeneration is made with pure concrete blocks. aggregate.
Secondly, in addition to sand making, brick making or other wall materials, the powder is also made of fine powder after sieving, washing and drying, or directly crushed and superfinely ground with broken concrete blocks or broken bricks. Active micropowder, replacing cement or mixed materials.
Third, the waste asphalt block or the dismantled pavement waste asphalt is mixed into the asphalt concrete in a certain proportion by cold regeneration or heat regeneration technology for repairing pavement or paving roads.
The fourth is to use the light matter with thermal value separated in construction waste as fuel or gasification to produce clean energy and by-products such as charcoal, wood vinegar and wood tar.
The fifth is the micro-powder of the bottom of the sieve which has a large amount of residual amount, is very complex in composition, contains various impurities and harmful components, and is difficult to be treated. At present, it is used as a middle-lower level for backfilling, filling materials, brick making, and building blocks. Enterprises are exploring ways to wash sand, through water washing, magnetic separation, flotation, sedimentation, pressure filtration and other processes to completely separate harmful impurities such as sand, soil, organic matter, metal materials, etc., to make fine powder and garden soil, in order to open up more use.
In addition, in the construction waste mixture crushing how to accurately and efficiently separate concrete blocks and bricks, how to separate the concrete block aggregates and packaging materials, etc., have been researched or explored at home and abroad.
Market formation requires policy guidance
Although the construction waste resource is restricted by the market law and supply and demand, it involves public interests such as environment, security, and green development. At the same time, it has public welfare. In the early stage of industrial development, it cannot rely solely on market rules. Sexual transformation into corporate economy, to make up for market defects, and ultimately to form fair competition in the market.
China's implementation is a socialist market economic system. Government management and policy guidance play a very important role in economic life.
In recent years, China has begun to attach great importance to the recycling of construction waste and introduced some policies and measures. For example: strengthen the circular economy and clean production legislation, and clarify that construction waste must be disposed of harmlessly or utilized. Under the guidance of the legislation, the state provides preferential, rewarding and support for funds, taxes, prices, etc. from the basic research of waste comprehensive utilization, technology and equipment development, project construction, production and sales.
Some places have also introduced more specific and stricter management methods and supporting measures. For example: clarify the responsibility system for construction waste disposal, carry out strict process approval and management of construction waste generated from building construction and demolition, implement closed-process monitoring of whole process with modern information technology, strictly strengthen construction waste disposal fee, clear freight, and fines for violation of regulations The use of levy and so on.
Policy measures have played a very good guiding role in promoting the formation, development and further development of the construction waste recycling market.
Strengthen measures to be implemented
At present, all sectors of the society attach great importance to the recycling of construction waste, and the voice is very high. The state is also constantly increasing laws, regulations, policies and financial support.
Some places and companies have achieved results in exploration and experimentation. Some excellent enterprises have been excavated, and some advanced and practical technical equipments have been developed. Recycling products with resources have been recognized and benefited in the market, and the foundation and ability of subsequent development have been achieved. However, there are also some localities and enterprises engaged in illegal activities in the name of pilots, demonstrations, and bases for the construction waste recycling.
Therefore, we must attach great importance to the actual effect of policy guidance, and be wary of the "one-wind-style" slamming and "half-pull" project. For this reason, I suggest:
First, adhere to the parallelization of resource and traditional disposal. Taking resources as the direction, the policy actively encourages and strongly supports the efforts in the direction of resource utilization, and continuously improves the proportion of resources and the efficiency of resource utilization. Temporarily unable to do resources, we must achieve harmless disposal.
Second, insisting on resource-oriented market-oriented, we must pay attention to improving the rate of resource utilization, but not from the reality of marketization. As far as possible, the use of construction waste production market, technically feasible and reliable, economically reasonable, through the policy support and subsidies can replace the original products, the relatively large amount of recycled products.
Third, the combination of unblocking and blocking, starting from the source, closed management. As soon as possible, the national unified construction waste resource management measures and implementation rules will be issued, the responsibility for construction waste generation, discharge and disposal will be strictly defined and implemented, and the construction and demolition waste transportation and disposal plan declaration system will be established comprehensively, and the Internet and Internet of Things will be used to transport buildings. Garbage vehicles and garbage flow are tracked and monitored throughout the entire process, and violations are found to be severely penalized.
Fourth, according to the specific conditions of urban development, rationally plan and set up construction waste storage, landfill sites and facilities, continuously strengthen safety and environmental protection facilities requirements and standards, and fully account all costs and costs such as garbage removal, transshipment, and disposal. Distribute to the responsible party for waste disposal, and the garbage responsible party shall prepay the disposal fee or deposit when reporting the disposal plan to avoid illegal treatment.
Fifth, encourage the responsible party for construction waste disposal to entrust third-party disposal and resource utilization by means of contract or by paying for garbage removal, transshipment, and disposal fees. If the third party is responsible for the disposal and resource utilization by means of payment, the government shall use this part of the fee as a special fee fund, which shall be used to subsidize the third party's resource utilization.
Sixth, in addition to the collection of construction waste disposal fees or deposits, each city or locality should allocate a portion of the funds from the budget as a separate specialization or enrichment to the toll fund according to the planning plan, specifically for subsidizing and rewarding construction waste resources. Basic research, information management, technology and equipment research and development.
Seventh, continue to clarify and improve the tax incentives for construction waste resource enterprises. Where the resource utilization or utilization ratio meets the specified requirements, in addition to the deductible input tax on the production equipment of the resource project, the product shall be exempt from VAT, and the newly established enterprise that is mainly engaged in the construction waste recycling shall be exempted, reduced or returned. Part of the enterprise income tax, under the guarantee of the implementation of various subsidy and rewards of fee-based funds, enhance product competitiveness, enterprises can reach a moderate level of profitability, and have the ability to develop steadily.
Eighth, strictly strengthen the reporting, approval, demonstration and acceptance management of funds and financial subsidy projects. Avoid fraudulently obtaining project funds and subsidies through speculation concepts, clever names, capital operations, etc., resulting in the “half-pull†project, which really puts “good steel on the bladeâ€.
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