Jade carving is a unique skill of China. It has a long history of development and distinctive characteristics of the times. Different dynasties and jade carvings have different shapes and characteristics.
Neolithic
During the simple jade carving period, the Yangshao culture of Dahe Village in Zhengzhou was 5,000 years old. There were two turquoise fish-shaped ornaments in the unearthed cultural relics; the green pines, turquoise frogs and frogs were unearthed in Xinyi City; the jade and green of the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province were unearthed. Turquoise, agate and other accessories, in Zhengzhou, there is a embossed stringed bone ring is the oldest and most perfect ring. More jade carvings include jade axe, jade shovel and jade knives, mainly based on production tools; jade wall, jade, jade and jade beads with simple form are mainly jade.
Jade craft period
Business, Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States --
There have been worshipping the heavenly jade wall, the sacrifice of the land, the jade, the jade, the seal, the jade, the jade, etc., and the jade is more, it is a decorative jade, it is also a gift. There are many types unearthed from the Hemudu site of the Liangzhu culture in the late Neolithic period. In the Shang Dynasty, there were jade birds, people, and people. The jade is a kind of bow-shaped arc-shaped jade. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the trivial shape is beautiful, such as the Spring and Autumn White Jade Dragon Pattern, the Warring States Huang Yulong.
Jade carving decoration prevailing
Han and Tang Times--
Henan Dushanyu was collected in the Western Han Dynasty, and the cultural relics of the land confirmed that the Liaoning jade jade belongs to the main jade of the ornament. The Jinhan Yuyi of the Western Han Dynasty is made up of 2,000 pieces of Xiuyan jade. The "Hanyu Horse" unearthed in Xianyang in the Han Dynasty is also a treasure. Today, the Han Dynasty ring-shaped jade dragon unearthed in Wuchang City, Anhui Province is connected with curls such as rings, diameter x thickness = 5x0.5cm, and jade wall of different sizes. The larger one has jade wall, diameter x thickness = 23 x 0. 5 Cm, exquisite carving; tooth wall milky white, diameter x thickness = 9 xo.5 cm, smart and cute. Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty prevailed, and jade was mostly used to decorate Buddha statues. In the Tang Dynasty, "Yuxue Qionglin" was famous for its agate plate. In 1970, more than a thousand precious cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty were unearthed in Hejia Village of Shaanxi Province. Among them, the Beast of the Beast was a valuable treasure (presented in the Shaanxi History Museum), with red sauce, high height of .5cm and length of 15.6 cm. Unique, so that Chinese and foreign people are fascinated.
Jade carving leapfrog development period
Song and Yuan era
The jade carving craft has reached a qualitative leap. There is a "Yuyuan" in the court. It has been shallowly ground and embossed. The founding father of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, at the opening ceremony of the country, asked the "Jinshan Dayuhai" used by the group's wines to be a giant jade carving. It is made of Xinjiang Hetian monolithic jade, which has been carved for 5 years and weighs 1750kg. It can store more than 30 tons of wine. In addition to large jade carvings, there are many small and medium-sized jade carvings, such as the Yuan Dynasty Qingshi Yuhu Deer Eagle Pei. Fujian Shoushan Stone was used as a carved stone 1500 years ago. It was extensively mined in the Southern Song Dynasty and doubled in value to the Yuan Dynasty. It is the main material of jade carving.
Jade carving
The Ming and Qing Dynasties --
In the late Ming Dynasty, Song Yingxing wrote "Tiangong Kaiwu", although there are Liangyu that gathers the capital, and the craftsmanship pushes Suzhou. Lu Zigang, the famous jade carving artist of Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, was the most famous. He developed the "knife carving method and the "joining ring" production process, and created various jade carving crafts in which Yin and Yang embossing are integrated. It has been appreciated by the court, and it has been the imitation of the collectors. Treasures. The jade carving craft in the Qing Dynasty has reached its peak. The palace has a jade building office, supervising jade materials, and there are many jade articles in the court. The most representative "Dayu Governance Water Map Yushanzi" is the world's largest jade piece. One is the king of ancient jade carvings in China, with a height of 2.24 meters, a long length of centimeters and a weight of 8 tons. The small jade pieces are too numerous to enumerate, such as the sapphire of the Ming Dynasty, the jewels of the Qing Dynasty, and the folks. spread.
The most prosperous period of jade carving
Modern --
Modern jade carvings have a great history and culture. There are also a variety of outstanding jade articles in Beijing's "Jumbo Pavilion". Among them, the famous jade carvings of the famous jade master Pan Bingheng (1912-1970), with a wide variety and exquisite workmanship, are known as " Oriental Treasures." Pan Laojia has "coral jade jade parrot", "a pretty agate inlaid treasure Buddha", "coral six-armed Buddha locks the dragon". Pan Lao's creation is not only listed as a national treasure, but also by the Paris Louvre, Philadelphia, USA The museum and the collection of the Nagoya Museum in Japan are the highlights of the world art scene. Jade carving "Geek" Wang Shusen (1919-1989) has three unique jade carvings: one is the fine art, the material, the work and the art are three in one; the second is to make good use of the pretty color; the third is the broad idea and the exquisite workmanship. His masterpiece is "Coral Guanyin Pudu". Although there are many people in modern jade carvings, there are few high-precision artists. In the future, in addition to inheriting traditional crafts, it is used for the present, and it is necessary to learn advanced things from the West. The combination of Chinese and foreign is the top priority of the jade carving industry.
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