Core Tip: In the past eight years, China has continuously become the largest consumer and the largest importer of machine tools, and the machine tool trade deficit is still several billion yuan. This means that although China's industry has huge production capacity, it cannot actually “arm itselfâ€.
The "Made in China" in the post-financial crisis era is a joy to worry.
In 2009, the world was still in the panic after the bubble burst, and China won two consecutive "world firsts." First, the production of automobiles reached 13.7 million. This "world's first" is generally considered to be a sign of entering the industrial powers. Second, China's machine tool industry has completed a total output value of 401.4 billion yuan, becoming the world's largest machine tool producer for the first time.
The car drove off the factory line. The huge machines that are used to machine parts and assemble cars are machine tools. Machine tools are also called machine tools. Marx once said that the machine tool was the starting point of the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century.
The industry has said that Chinese manufacturing is a "processed product", made in Germany or made in Japan, and is known as a "manufacturing factory." The implication is that the advanced and backward industrialization level depends on the production capacity of the industrial "master machine" of the machine tool. Who is the leader?
A few years ago, a Chinese home appliance company CEO visited the German machine tool factory and felt: China is made like a "herbivore", eating grass, squeezing milk, subsidizing the world with cheap products only; those "manufacturing factories" The country is a "carnivore". It eats steel and spits out machines. People rely on high-tech, high value-added equipment to occupy the world.
Since 2002, China has become the largest consumer and the largest importer of machine tools for eight consecutive years, and the machine tool trade deficit is still several billion yuan. This means that although China's industry has huge production capacity, it cannot actually “arm itselfâ€.
Today, China's "world processing factory" has reached the final stage of transformation and upgrading, not only to be able to process products, but also to be able to "manufacture factories." The first "threshold" that needs to be crossed is the machine tool.
"World's No. 1"
On April 12th, the Chinese machine tool industry “18 Arhats†gathered in the ancient capital Jinling. The 6th CNC Machine Tool Expo CCMT2010 was held as scheduled. Because the exhibiting equipment is mostly the “big guy†of steel forging, the 6 major venues of Nanjing International Expo Center are all in use, and the 78,000 square meters of space is still crowded. This is the biggest event in the Chinese machine tool industry over the years.
There are two "big things" in the 2010 machine tool conference that make everyone's hearts and minds high. First, the Chinese machine tool industry won the "world number one" in 2009, which is exciting; secondly, just after the Spring Festival, on February 25, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a mobilization meeting for "CNC machine tools" in Beijing, proposing CNC machine tools. As the "working machine" of the equipment manufacturing industry, it has the core position of "basic, versatile and strategic" and is a major measure for the national economic transformation to achieve leap-forward development.
The machine tool is a little-known "unpopular" business. This time, it has set a special project and mobilized it to the same level as major national aerospace and large aircraft. It is unprecedented.
Wu Bolin, executive vice president of the industry association, is an old man in the electromechanical industry. He feels very different this year. The world financial crisis outside was cloudy, but when he went to the machine tool factory, the factory was not idle, the workers did not have a holiday, and everyone was busy.
In the Shenyang Machine Tool Group, the situation of leaving more than 100 ordinary machine tools a day came to an abrupt end. CNC lathes with full grades, full-function CNC lathes, mid-range vertical machining centers, and boring and milling machining centers are working overtime to work overtime; in Dalian machine tools, the process is re-engineering up and down; Shanghai machine tools are also changing The appearance, small cylindrical grinding, and ordinary grinding are also replaced by large crankshaft grinders and cam grinders; Qi Yi, Qi Er, heavy machine, Qinchuan, Beiyi, etc., are not the same.
Wu Bolin knows that the machine tool industry is no more than a trouser shirt. The technology accumulation and development require a certain period of time. Without three or five years, there will not be so many new products upgraded. This shows that even in the eight-year high-speed expansion period of the whole industry, many of these “iron arhats†in the machine tool industry are still concentrating on cultivation.
The "world's first" of China's machine tools has indeed touched the light of the financial crisis. The production and sales of several major machine tool producing countries in the world are far more serious than those in China. Japan’s output fell by 60%, Italy fell by half, and Germany’s new orders from China saved urgently, but the annual output value still fell by 30% to 40%. The retreat of competitors gave China the opportunity of this chaser.
The situation seems optimistic, but Wu Bolin can't get rid of his worries. He is well aware of the true competitiveness of the Chinese machine tool industry. The gap is not the superficial prosperity that can be concealed: First, most of the domestic high-end products are still foreign products, domestic high-end machine tools are still not competitive, and the machine tool industry still has a deficit of several billion dollars; second, the output value and sales increase in both directions. In 2009, the profit of the whole industry did not rise and fall, which indicates that under the economic stimulus policy, repeated development methods such as repeated construction still exist; Third, the “brain†and “four limbs†of the machine tool, namely the numerical control system and main functional components , cutting tools, relative to the whole machine, research and development and independent innovation are still seriously lagging behind...
The output value is like GDP. Once the structure is analyzed, it will be full of loopholes. "High-end machine tools are armed with imported CNC systems and functional components, so that we can not master the core technology, have used foreign systems for many years, we still can't master many technologies, and the development of the mainframe is also constrained." The electromechanical industry "veterans" There is still a sense of unrequited enthusiasm: big, but not strong!
"Transformation" and "upgrade" are related to the future of "Made in China"
One day before the opening of the machine tool, people in the industry "collected big things" in a secluded meeting room. Zhang Xiangmu, director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, was admitted as a guest. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is in place, and everyone expects that the industry's general manager can bring some information about "long-term plans."
Zhang Xiangmu opened up the righteousness: In 2009, China's machine tool industry achieved remarkable achievements, but in any case, China is a big manufacturing country and not a strong country. First of all, the technical level is still at the low-end of the industry chain, lacking the core competitiveness of global famous brands and high-end products. From the perspective of industrial structure, low-end products have overcapacity, the market is over-competitive, and in the high-end field, “the position is lost†and it is occupied by foreign investors. Secondly, the basic supporting capacity is relatively weak, and key components need to be imported.
The scale of China's economic expansion must be adjusted. Zhang Xiangmu said that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will be a period of comprehensive transformation of Chinese manufacturing, including equipment manufacturing. "Development should be moderate, don't focus on speed, structure should be transformed, and growth depends on quality." He predicted that the period of rapid economic growth since 2003 is “going backâ€, and all countries in the world are increasing their investment. A new round of industrial revolution is poised for growth. If China does not catch up, it will lose historical opportunities. .
Guan Xiyou, chairman of Shenyang Machine Tool Group, has just returned from Germany. The "small handsome" of the leading machine tool company is very serious. He said: "I believe that Germany, Japan and the United States have begun a new round of technical blockade against China. We will not live up to expectations, there will be no hope, and we will not be able to work for others forever."
With the market position of Shenyang Machine Tool, its judgment should be heard. In 2009, the group completed sales revenue of 12 billion yuan, and its world machine tool enterprise ranking has risen to fifth. In 2002, its sales revenue was only 1.3 billion yuan, ranking 36th in the world. This well-known company, which is known for its rapid expansion in scale, is also talking about “structural transformationâ€.
In the industry, the status of the “big boss†of Shenyang machine tools is formed by tradition. It started with ordinary lathes, drilling machines, and boring machines. Although these general-purpose products are large in scale, at the same time, the competition is fierce, the degree of product homogeneity is serious, and the gross profit margin is generally not high. After the CNC machine tool gradually established its position as the mainstream product in the market, the “big ship†of Shenyang Machine Tool faced the situation of “turning around the headâ€. Subsequently, the continuous merger and acquisition of "big hand" laid the leading position of the sink. In 2004, it acquired the German company Heath, reorganized the Yunnan CY Group, and in 2005 entered the Kunming Machine Tool Plant. In the period of market prosperity, the ambition of Shenyang Machine Tool to “bigger†was undoubtedly revealed.
At this exhibition, Shenyang Machine Tool has taken on a new look. The new series of CNC machine tools are opened in a word, and are all new independent machining centers and horizontal machining centers that are synchronized with international high-end products. The old-fashioned machine tools from the former army green can only be found in the product catalogue. It’s gone.
Guan Xiyou’s “transformation determination†stems from setbacks. Since the acquisition of Hess, Germany, Shenyang Machine Tool has promoted research and development activities in Germany, but it has been repeatedly blocked by the German government. On one occasion, they took their own research and development machine to the German National Institute of Applied Technology to study. After the result, they were jointly stopped by the German government-controlled technology transfer office, intelligence agencies and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The reason is that R&D activities are basic common technologies, and it is even possible to create revolutionary innovations that do not allow for transfer.
"High-end technology people will not give you, and do not want you to get it." He said that China's technical level has reached the point where "the teacher can't be found". The strict technical blockade will become the norm. The road of "introduction-digestion-absorption" will come to an end. There is no industrial strong congress in the world. It depends on the technology of others. "If you want to become stronger, you must rely on yourself."
Guan Xiyou's experience has been verified many times in the post-financial crisis era. Commerce Minister Chen Deming recently stated that the harsh export controls of the US government have led to the tens of billions of US products not being exported to China, including civil engineering machines, computers, aerospace and other civilian technologies and components. "I originally wanted to organize several large purchasing groups to the United States this year. However, the entrepreneurs have reported to me some things that need to be purchased. Obviously, the United States is still not willing to sell to China until now," he said.
This is forming a "reverse mechanism."
Zhang Xiangmu admits to the "Rohans" of the machine tool industry that the current global economic recovery is not strong, the developed countries have re-industrialization and return to the real economy, trade protectionism has increased, not only intensifying international competition, but also delaying the sale of high-end products to China. The transfer has increased the control of technology output in some key areas.
In addition, the pressure of RMB appreciation, the rise in prices of bulk raw materials, and the rise in labor prices all contribute to greatly reducing the profit margin of “Made in Chinaâ€. “Transformation†and “upgrading†are a last resort and even related to “Made in Chinaâ€. "The future of life and death.
"Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's machine tool industry faces a big test
The "ancestor" of modern machine tools is a textile machine. In 1789, 21-year-old British worker Slater pretended to be a peasant, changed his name to a surname, and escaped the British authorities' exit surveillance to the United States. With amazing memory and mechanical skills, he copied the British Arklet textile machine, which was the most advanced working machine in the world at that time. It was once regarded by the British as a treasure of the rich country.
Because it brought the machine tool to the New World, Slater was called the "father of manufacturing" in the United States. For a long time, the United States, a later technology exporting country, started by copying other countries’ technology and “stealing†other countries’ invention patents. Until the Civil War, 80% of US machinery and equipment relied on European imports.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, China could only produce less than 1,600 machine tools, and it was basically a belt drive. With the help of the drawings and designers provided by the Soviet Union, 18 machine tool backbone enterprises (hereinafter referred to as "18 Lohan") and 7 integrated machine tool research institutes were quickly established, which became the backbone of China's industrialization. In 1957, China had more than 200 machine tools, with an annual output of nearly 30,000 units. Since then, in the "high-precision machine tool campaign" and "Second Steam Equipment Campaign", the Chinese machine tool industry has achieved continuous development.
The machine tool industry once had an "irrational period" of blindly pursuing quantity and neglecting quality. The machine output in 1958 was twice that of 1957, and in 1960 it was five times that of 1957. In addition, re-production of light scientific research, heavy-duty light components, heavy-based light-duty, has long been difficult to overcome in the machine tool industry.
After 1979, “introduction-digestion-absorption†became the core strategy of the machine tool industry. According to the data, from 1980 to 1995, China introduced nearly 150 machine tool technologies; nearly 1,000 kinds of CNC machine tools were developed.
However, in the 1990s, Chinese machine tools were at a low point in the “tragic yearsâ€. In the "technical generation" between ordinary machine tools and CNC machine tools, Chinese machine tool enterprises have experienced the baptism of "Phoenix Nirvana". Liao Shaohua, vice president of Chongqing Electromechanical, recalled that at that time, the dream of using China's machine tools to equip his country, "seeing to be shattered", foreign machine tools accounted for 70% of the market, and the numerical control rate of domestic machine tools was only 5%.
In the new century, China's economy has entered the stage of “heavy chemical industryâ€, and the fast-growing market has given these “Rohans†who can only be relegated to survive. In 2000, the annual output of CNC machine tools in China was only 14,000 units, and most of them were low-end products. In 2008, it occupied the mid-end market. The annual output of CNC machine tools was 122,000 units, which is the key for China's aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile and military industries. The field sector provides a large number of “working machinesâ€.
After mergers and acquisitions, 18 large-scale enterprises including Shenyang Machine Tool, Dalian Machine Tool and Beiyi Machine Tool formed the “New Eighteen Arhatsâ€, which are the leading figures in the Chinese machine tool industry. Behind it, there are also “the gods of all walksâ€. The machine tool industry is huge and uneven, and there are more than 5,000 various parts and components. The "Rohans" are big but not strong, and they are small and not special in the "God". On the one hand, the machine tool industry needs to have world-class large international groups and big brands; on the other hand, China's industrial giants lack the fine, special and specialized "little giant" enterprises.
From the perspective of the entire equipment industry, according to statistics, according to the top 10 enterprises in the total industry, the United States is 58.4%, Japan is 53.4%, and China is only 7.5%. Obviously, there is no real leading enterprise in China, and the industrial concentration is too low. At the same time, the spare parts produced by those “small shrimp enterprises†are of low quality and the technical level is even greater.
Historically, the United States has surpassed the United Kingdom in less than 60 years and is the world's machine tool leader. Germany has also used the United States for 60 years. Japan has ranked among the top three in the world in less than 60 years. In 2010, China's machine tool industry started, still need to fight for a strong country.
Zhang Xiangmu said that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is very clear. It is necessary to improve the ability of independent innovation, break through and master a number of core technologies in key areas, form a batch of independent technologies and standards, and greatly enhance the autonomy and level of major technical equipment. In the equipment manufacturing industry, the equipment autonomy rate required for major complete sets of equipment and high-tech equipment and high-tech industries will reach 80%, and the supporting capacity of key components and metal parts will reach 80%.
This is obviously a decisive test for the "Rohan" and "God" of the Chinese machine tool industry.
The quality of the machine tool depends on accumulation and precipitation. Sometimes it needs the spirit of "years old".
Not all countries can make machine tools. This is a "work".
In industrial powers such as Japan and Germany, senior mechanical and technical personnel have a high social status and they are respected people. This is not entirely because of their "handicraft" superb, but also based on their " virtue".
In the gap of the machine tool exhibition, a parts manufacturer from Beijing said that their company is planning to use 200 million euros to buy a machine tool patent technology in Europe, and it is really "tempting" to see real estate "swelling up". 200 million euros is nearly 2 billion yuan. If you invest in Beijing real estate, it will be turned over several times to 20 billion in a few years. "When you take another 2 billion euros to engage in machine tools, what do you feel?!"
The temptation of profit is everywhere, and the pressure of profit is equally huge. A salesperson of Beijing Electromechanical Institute said that it is "too difficult" for domestic machine tool enterprises to break through the technical bottleneck. The difficulty lies not in "not enough R&D capability, nor that Chinese people are not smart, or even people do not sell you technology." "Most companies can't stand the huge cost of upfront investment."
It is said that a five-axis linkage blade processing center exhibited by Beijing Electromechanical Institute has sold more than 9 million units, while the Italian-grade products have sold more than 10 million before, and the price space has dropped rapidly.
However, the above sales staff still said that there may be room for the whole machine product, but the basic research and development of machine tool technology, especially the key parts, the precision is one micron, and the research and development investment is several times more. After all, the company has market pressure, "you pursue High technology, what can I do without profit? After all, earning money is the first."
Haas Machine Tool in the United States is the mainstay of the high-end market in China. However, after the financial crisis, they played the "price-performance" advantage of the signboard. Wei Wei, the company's customer commissioner, said that the high-end brands of the world's machine tools are “putting down their bodies and expanding the marketâ€, prices have fallen, and services have been strengthened. This strategy is squeezing the high-end Taiwanese machine tools, while the mainland machine tool brand “returnsâ€. Not an opponent."
He said that foreign brands will never give up technological advantages easily. "Technical blockade is inevitable, and research and development costs are high. Of course, the required return on profits is much. This is the leading strategy, and everyone will do so."
Cui Zhicheng, director of Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, has made great efforts. In the segment of heavy-duty medium and high-end machine tools, he is determined to "play a beautiful smash at home." His strategy is to "focus" and "focus" and to "be a craftsman for machine tool users." “We have been working on machines for 60 years and can tell the user that in the next 60 years, Beiyi will also be a machine tool.â€
In the "18 Arhats" camp, Beiyi seems to pursue the realm of "one move first, eat all over the sky". They therefore ate sweetness. In the rapid expansion of the past three years, Beiyi Machine Tool's operating income increased by 1.8 times, while the profit rate increased by 3.9 times and the annual profit growth rate reached 40%, which envied the industry.
Cui Zhicheng said that the quality of machine tools depends on accumulation and precipitation. Sometimes this requires the spirit of "the youngest year". "As long as your product is done well enough, the price is not a problem."
In 2009, Germany's HEIDENHAIN, which only focused on machine tool measuring equipment, triggered the thinking of Chinese machine tool companies. In order to make the successor single-minded, the company set up a non-profit foundation to determine the company's strategy to achieve the founder's "ancestral training" - always producing technologically advanced products.
Jia Jiangang, CEO of HEIDENHAIN (China) Co., Ltd. said that domestic real estate and stock markets are very attractive today. It cannot be said that this is not tempting for the machine tool industry, but it may be a long-term profit choice in the technical industry that they are good at.
The kind of contemptuous taste will never be forgotten
Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool Company belongs to the kind of enterprise that has withstood the temptation. Three years ago, when the local industry warmed up, the old state-owned enterprise sold its own property and took back 3.5 billion in cash. The “Rohan Lord†who got rid of poverty and got rich did not forget this. He turned to invest more than 2 billion yuan and set up a new factory building.
The use of this land sales money, just to achieve a comprehensive "upgraded" factory. In the words of Huang Zhao, the chairman of the board, it is “self-armed, gorgeous turn!†At the same time, Wu Zhong re-invested heavily and built an “Engineering Research Center†with Huazhong University of Science and Technology to train machine tools, standards and intelligence personnel.
In the stall of the financial crisis last year, Wuzhong successfully exported 3 super heavy-duty machine tools to the old British company Sheffield Forging, with a total value of 60 million yuan. When people ask how Wu Zhong makes "Let the British gentleman lower his proud head?" Huang Zhao replied that the old Chinese machine tool company has its mission, that is, using "China equipment, equipment China", into the home country of the industrial revolution, count A chance to train.
China is becoming the "main battlefield" for global machine tool companies to compete. This is an industry consensus. With the acceleration of China's industrialization process and the deepening of the degree, the market demand for modern machine tools will become larger and larger. The virtuous cycle of "machine-building machines" will lead China's manufacturing into a new realm.
The "eighteen arhats" and the "sacred gods" of each road often read a sentence: the machine tool industry is strong, then the country is strong, and vice versa. This is in line with Director Zhang Xiangmu's "principle requirements" for future industry transformation: "There is no influence on the quantity, nothing is counted, you can't decide the rules and standards, and there will never be a right to speak." Thus, he is against China. In the future of the machine tool industry, only one criterion is given: strong cultivation and elimination of weak ones.
The road to “Made in China†to “Created in China†is very difficult, and this is indispensable for the revitalization of the machine tool industry. In the future, in the fields of automobiles, engineering machinery, ships, aviation, aerospace, nuclear power, military industry, etc., machine tools can play a huge space as a "master machine" for work.
Guan Xiyou found a target and stared at it. In his view, there is a break in the product hierarchy of CNC machine tools in China and even in the world. "The value is equivalent to the gap between 30,000 and 1 million. There must be a generation of products in the middle," he said. "Shenyang Machine Tool The new CNC products are to fill this gap. We are not targeting the world's top products and technologies, but are market-oriented and provide the most cost-effective products for domestic and international customers."
However, there is no independent core technology, and it is difficult to move internationally. China’s “Rohans†must be more energetic.
In the early years, Guan Xiyou went to the United States to participate in the International Machine Tool Show with Shenyang Machine Tool. No one knew this business and was arranged in the basement. Everyone thought about it, what to say, Shenyang machine tools are regarded as a representative of China's industrial strength, not too shameful! Ask people, "Can you move to the hall?" The organizer replied that you still have no qualifications, and you can't give money.
"Irritation boss"! Guan Xiyou said that he really realized what position China's manufacturing is in the eyes of others, and that kind of contemptuous taste will never be forgotten.
The "Made in China" in the post-financial crisis era is a joy to worry.
In 2009, the world was still in the panic after the bubble burst, and China won two consecutive "world firsts." First, the production of automobiles reached 13.7 million. This "world's first" is generally considered to be a sign of entering the industrial powers. Second, China's machine tool industry has completed a total output value of 401.4 billion yuan, becoming the world's largest machine tool producer for the first time.
The car drove off the factory line. The huge machines that are used to machine parts and assemble cars are machine tools. Machine tools are also called machine tools. Marx once said that the machine tool was the starting point of the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century.
The industry has said that Chinese manufacturing is a "processed product", made in Germany or made in Japan, and is known as a "manufacturing factory." The implication is that the advanced and backward industrialization level depends on the production capacity of the industrial "master machine" of the machine tool. Who is the leader?
A few years ago, a Chinese home appliance company CEO visited the German machine tool factory and felt: China is made like a "herbivore", eating grass, squeezing milk, subsidizing the world with cheap products only; those "manufacturing factories" The country is a "carnivore". It eats steel and spits out machines. People rely on high-tech, high value-added equipment to occupy the world.
Since 2002, China has become the largest consumer and the largest importer of machine tools for eight consecutive years, and the machine tool trade deficit is still several billion yuan. This means that although China's industry has huge production capacity, it cannot actually “arm itselfâ€.
Today, China's "world processing factory" has reached the final stage of transformation and upgrading, not only to be able to process products, but also to be able to "manufacture factories." The first "threshold" that needs to be crossed is the machine tool.
"World's No. 1"
On April 12th, the Chinese machine tool industry “18 Arhats†gathered in the ancient capital Jinling. The 6th CNC Machine Tool Expo CCMT2010 was held as scheduled. Because the exhibiting equipment is mostly the “big guy†of steel forging, the 6 major venues of Nanjing International Expo Center are all in use, and the 78,000 square meters of space is still crowded. This is the biggest event in the Chinese machine tool industry over the years.
There are two "big things" in the 2010 machine tool conference that make everyone's hearts and minds high. First, the Chinese machine tool industry won the "world number one" in 2009, which is exciting; secondly, just after the Spring Festival, on February 25, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a mobilization meeting for "CNC machine tools" in Beijing, proposing CNC machine tools. As the "working machine" of the equipment manufacturing industry, it has the core position of "basic, versatile and strategic" and is a major measure for the national economic transformation to achieve leap-forward development.
The machine tool is a little-known "unpopular" business. This time, it has set a special project and mobilized it to the same level as major national aerospace and large aircraft. It is unprecedented.
Wu Bolin, executive vice president of the industry association, is an old man in the electromechanical industry. He feels very different this year. The world financial crisis outside was cloudy, but when he went to the machine tool factory, the factory was not idle, the workers did not have a holiday, and everyone was busy.
In the Shenyang Machine Tool Group, the situation of leaving more than 100 ordinary machine tools a day came to an abrupt end. CNC lathes with full grades, full-function CNC lathes, mid-range vertical machining centers, and boring and milling machining centers are working overtime to work overtime; in Dalian machine tools, the process is re-engineering up and down; Shanghai machine tools are also changing The appearance, small cylindrical grinding, and ordinary grinding are also replaced by large crankshaft grinders and cam grinders; Qi Yi, Qi Er, heavy machine, Qinchuan, Beiyi, etc., are not the same.
Wu Bolin knows that the machine tool industry is no more than a trouser shirt. The technology accumulation and development require a certain period of time. Without three or five years, there will not be so many new products upgraded. This shows that even in the eight-year high-speed expansion period of the whole industry, many of these “iron arhats†in the machine tool industry are still concentrating on cultivation.
The "world's first" of China's machine tools has indeed touched the light of the financial crisis. The production and sales of several major machine tool producing countries in the world are far more serious than those in China. Japan’s output fell by 60%, Italy fell by half, and Germany’s new orders from China saved urgently, but the annual output value still fell by 30% to 40%. The retreat of competitors gave China the opportunity of this chaser.
The situation seems optimistic, but Wu Bolin can't get rid of his worries. He is well aware of the true competitiveness of the Chinese machine tool industry. The gap is not the superficial prosperity that can be concealed: First, most of the domestic high-end products are still foreign products, domestic high-end machine tools are still not competitive, and the machine tool industry still has a deficit of several billion dollars; second, the output value and sales increase in both directions. In 2009, the profit of the whole industry did not rise and fall, which indicates that under the economic stimulus policy, repeated development methods such as repeated construction still exist; Third, the “brain†and “four limbs†of the machine tool, namely the numerical control system and main functional components , cutting tools, relative to the whole machine, research and development and independent innovation are still seriously lagging behind...
The output value is like GDP. Once the structure is analyzed, it will be full of loopholes. "High-end machine tools are armed with imported CNC systems and functional components, so that we can not master the core technology, have used foreign systems for many years, we still can't master many technologies, and the development of the mainframe is also constrained." The electromechanical industry "veterans" There is still a sense of unrequited enthusiasm: big, but not strong!
"Transformation" and "upgrade" are related to the future of "Made in China"
One day before the opening of the machine tool, people in the industry "collected big things" in a secluded meeting room. Zhang Xiangmu, director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, was admitted as a guest. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is in place, and everyone expects that the industry's general manager can bring some information about "long-term plans."
Zhang Xiangmu opened up the righteousness: In 2009, China's machine tool industry achieved remarkable achievements, but in any case, China is a big manufacturing country and not a strong country. First of all, the technical level is still at the low-end of the industry chain, lacking the core competitiveness of global famous brands and high-end products. From the perspective of industrial structure, low-end products have overcapacity, the market is over-competitive, and in the high-end field, “the position is lost†and it is occupied by foreign investors. Secondly, the basic supporting capacity is relatively weak, and key components need to be imported.
The scale of China's economic expansion must be adjusted. Zhang Xiangmu said that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will be a period of comprehensive transformation of Chinese manufacturing, including equipment manufacturing. "Development should be moderate, don't focus on speed, structure should be transformed, and growth depends on quality." He predicted that the period of rapid economic growth since 2003 is “going backâ€, and all countries in the world are increasing their investment. A new round of industrial revolution is poised for growth. If China does not catch up, it will lose historical opportunities. .
Guan Xiyou, chairman of Shenyang Machine Tool Group, has just returned from Germany. The "small handsome" of the leading machine tool company is very serious. He said: "I believe that Germany, Japan and the United States have begun a new round of technical blockade against China. We will not live up to expectations, there will be no hope, and we will not be able to work for others forever."
With the market position of Shenyang Machine Tool, its judgment should be heard. In 2009, the group completed sales revenue of 12 billion yuan, and its world machine tool enterprise ranking has risen to fifth. In 2002, its sales revenue was only 1.3 billion yuan, ranking 36th in the world. This well-known company, which is known for its rapid expansion in scale, is also talking about “structural transformationâ€.
In the industry, the status of the “big boss†of Shenyang machine tools is formed by tradition. It started with ordinary lathes, drilling machines, and boring machines. Although these general-purpose products are large in scale, at the same time, the competition is fierce, the degree of product homogeneity is serious, and the gross profit margin is generally not high. After the CNC machine tool gradually established its position as the mainstream product in the market, the “big ship†of Shenyang Machine Tool faced the situation of “turning around the headâ€. Subsequently, the continuous merger and acquisition of "big hand" laid the leading position of the sink. In 2004, it acquired the German company Heath, reorganized the Yunnan CY Group, and in 2005 entered the Kunming Machine Tool Plant. In the period of market prosperity, the ambition of Shenyang Machine Tool to “bigger†was undoubtedly revealed.
At this exhibition, Shenyang Machine Tool has taken on a new look. The new series of CNC machine tools are opened in a word, and are all new independent machining centers and horizontal machining centers that are synchronized with international high-end products. The old-fashioned machine tools from the former army green can only be found in the product catalogue. It’s gone.
Guan Xiyou’s “transformation determination†stems from setbacks. Since the acquisition of Hess, Germany, Shenyang Machine Tool has promoted research and development activities in Germany, but it has been repeatedly blocked by the German government. On one occasion, they took their own research and development machine to the German National Institute of Applied Technology to study. After the result, they were jointly stopped by the German government-controlled technology transfer office, intelligence agencies and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The reason is that R&D activities are basic common technologies, and it is even possible to create revolutionary innovations that do not allow for transfer.
"High-end technology people will not give you, and do not want you to get it." He said that China's technical level has reached the point where "the teacher can't be found". The strict technical blockade will become the norm. The road of "introduction-digestion-absorption" will come to an end. There is no industrial strong congress in the world. It depends on the technology of others. "If you want to become stronger, you must rely on yourself."
Guan Xiyou's experience has been verified many times in the post-financial crisis era. Commerce Minister Chen Deming recently stated that the harsh export controls of the US government have led to the tens of billions of US products not being exported to China, including civil engineering machines, computers, aerospace and other civilian technologies and components. "I originally wanted to organize several large purchasing groups to the United States this year. However, the entrepreneurs have reported to me some things that need to be purchased. Obviously, the United States is still not willing to sell to China until now," he said.
This is forming a "reverse mechanism."
Zhang Xiangmu admits to the "Rohans" of the machine tool industry that the current global economic recovery is not strong, the developed countries have re-industrialization and return to the real economy, trade protectionism has increased, not only intensifying international competition, but also delaying the sale of high-end products to China. The transfer has increased the control of technology output in some key areas.
In addition, the pressure of RMB appreciation, the rise in prices of bulk raw materials, and the rise in labor prices all contribute to greatly reducing the profit margin of “Made in Chinaâ€. “Transformation†and “upgrading†are a last resort and even related to “Made in Chinaâ€. "The future of life and death.
"Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's machine tool industry faces a big test
The "ancestor" of modern machine tools is a textile machine. In 1789, 21-year-old British worker Slater pretended to be a peasant, changed his name to a surname, and escaped the British authorities' exit surveillance to the United States. With amazing memory and mechanical skills, he copied the British Arklet textile machine, which was the most advanced working machine in the world at that time. It was once regarded by the British as a treasure of the rich country.
Because it brought the machine tool to the New World, Slater was called the "father of manufacturing" in the United States. For a long time, the United States, a later technology exporting country, started by copying other countries’ technology and “stealing†other countries’ invention patents. Until the Civil War, 80% of US machinery and equipment relied on European imports.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, China could only produce less than 1,600 machine tools, and it was basically a belt drive. With the help of the drawings and designers provided by the Soviet Union, 18 machine tool backbone enterprises (hereinafter referred to as "18 Lohan") and 7 integrated machine tool research institutes were quickly established, which became the backbone of China's industrialization. In 1957, China had more than 200 machine tools, with an annual output of nearly 30,000 units. Since then, in the "high-precision machine tool campaign" and "Second Steam Equipment Campaign", the Chinese machine tool industry has achieved continuous development.
The machine tool industry once had an "irrational period" of blindly pursuing quantity and neglecting quality. The machine output in 1958 was twice that of 1957, and in 1960 it was five times that of 1957. In addition, re-production of light scientific research, heavy-duty light components, heavy-based light-duty, has long been difficult to overcome in the machine tool industry.
After 1979, “introduction-digestion-absorption†became the core strategy of the machine tool industry. According to the data, from 1980 to 1995, China introduced nearly 150 machine tool technologies; nearly 1,000 kinds of CNC machine tools were developed.
However, in the 1990s, Chinese machine tools were at a low point in the “tragic yearsâ€. In the "technical generation" between ordinary machine tools and CNC machine tools, Chinese machine tool enterprises have experienced the baptism of "Phoenix Nirvana". Liao Shaohua, vice president of Chongqing Electromechanical, recalled that at that time, the dream of using China's machine tools to equip his country, "seeing to be shattered", foreign machine tools accounted for 70% of the market, and the numerical control rate of domestic machine tools was only 5%.
In the new century, China's economy has entered the stage of “heavy chemical industryâ€, and the fast-growing market has given these “Rohans†who can only be relegated to survive. In 2000, the annual output of CNC machine tools in China was only 14,000 units, and most of them were low-end products. In 2008, it occupied the mid-end market. The annual output of CNC machine tools was 122,000 units, which is the key for China's aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile and military industries. The field sector provides a large number of “working machinesâ€.
After mergers and acquisitions, 18 large-scale enterprises including Shenyang Machine Tool, Dalian Machine Tool and Beiyi Machine Tool formed the “New Eighteen Arhatsâ€, which are the leading figures in the Chinese machine tool industry. Behind it, there are also “the gods of all walksâ€. The machine tool industry is huge and uneven, and there are more than 5,000 various parts and components. The "Rohans" are big but not strong, and they are small and not special in the "God". On the one hand, the machine tool industry needs to have world-class large international groups and big brands; on the other hand, China's industrial giants lack the fine, special and specialized "little giant" enterprises.
From the perspective of the entire equipment industry, according to statistics, according to the top 10 enterprises in the total industry, the United States is 58.4%, Japan is 53.4%, and China is only 7.5%. Obviously, there is no real leading enterprise in China, and the industrial concentration is too low. At the same time, the spare parts produced by those “small shrimp enterprises†are of low quality and the technical level is even greater.
Historically, the United States has surpassed the United Kingdom in less than 60 years and is the world's machine tool leader. Germany has also used the United States for 60 years. Japan has ranked among the top three in the world in less than 60 years. In 2010, China's machine tool industry started, still need to fight for a strong country.
Zhang Xiangmu said that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is very clear. It is necessary to improve the ability of independent innovation, break through and master a number of core technologies in key areas, form a batch of independent technologies and standards, and greatly enhance the autonomy and level of major technical equipment. In the equipment manufacturing industry, the equipment autonomy rate required for major complete sets of equipment and high-tech equipment and high-tech industries will reach 80%, and the supporting capacity of key components and metal parts will reach 80%.
This is obviously a decisive test for the "Rohan" and "God" of the Chinese machine tool industry.
The quality of the machine tool depends on accumulation and precipitation. Sometimes it needs the spirit of "years old".
Not all countries can make machine tools. This is a "work".
In industrial powers such as Japan and Germany, senior mechanical and technical personnel have a high social status and they are respected people. This is not entirely because of their "handicraft" superb, but also based on their " virtue".
In the gap of the machine tool exhibition, a parts manufacturer from Beijing said that their company is planning to use 200 million euros to buy a machine tool patent technology in Europe, and it is really "tempting" to see real estate "swelling up". 200 million euros is nearly 2 billion yuan. If you invest in Beijing real estate, it will be turned over several times to 20 billion in a few years. "When you take another 2 billion euros to engage in machine tools, what do you feel?!"
The temptation of profit is everywhere, and the pressure of profit is equally huge. A salesperson of Beijing Electromechanical Institute said that it is "too difficult" for domestic machine tool enterprises to break through the technical bottleneck. The difficulty lies not in "not enough R&D capability, nor that Chinese people are not smart, or even people do not sell you technology." "Most companies can't stand the huge cost of upfront investment."
It is said that a five-axis linkage blade processing center exhibited by Beijing Electromechanical Institute has sold more than 9 million units, while the Italian-grade products have sold more than 10 million before, and the price space has dropped rapidly.
However, the above sales staff still said that there may be room for the whole machine product, but the basic research and development of machine tool technology, especially the key parts, the precision is one micron, and the research and development investment is several times more. After all, the company has market pressure, "you pursue High technology, what can I do without profit? After all, earning money is the first."
Haas Machine Tool in the United States is the mainstay of the high-end market in China. However, after the financial crisis, they played the "price-performance" advantage of the signboard. Wei Wei, the company's customer commissioner, said that the high-end brands of the world's machine tools are “putting down their bodies and expanding the marketâ€, prices have fallen, and services have been strengthened. This strategy is squeezing the high-end Taiwanese machine tools, while the mainland machine tool brand “returnsâ€. Not an opponent."
He said that foreign brands will never give up technological advantages easily. "Technical blockade is inevitable, and research and development costs are high. Of course, the required return on profits is much. This is the leading strategy, and everyone will do so."
Cui Zhicheng, director of Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, has made great efforts. In the segment of heavy-duty medium and high-end machine tools, he is determined to "play a beautiful smash at home." His strategy is to "focus" and "focus" and to "be a craftsman for machine tool users." “We have been working on machines for 60 years and can tell the user that in the next 60 years, Beiyi will also be a machine tool.â€
In the "18 Arhats" camp, Beiyi seems to pursue the realm of "one move first, eat all over the sky". They therefore ate sweetness. In the rapid expansion of the past three years, Beiyi Machine Tool's operating income increased by 1.8 times, while the profit rate increased by 3.9 times and the annual profit growth rate reached 40%, which envied the industry.
Cui Zhicheng said that the quality of machine tools depends on accumulation and precipitation. Sometimes this requires the spirit of "the youngest year". "As long as your product is done well enough, the price is not a problem."
In 2009, Germany's HEIDENHAIN, which only focused on machine tool measuring equipment, triggered the thinking of Chinese machine tool companies. In order to make the successor single-minded, the company set up a non-profit foundation to determine the company's strategy to achieve the founder's "ancestral training" - always producing technologically advanced products.
Jia Jiangang, CEO of HEIDENHAIN (China) Co., Ltd. said that domestic real estate and stock markets are very attractive today. It cannot be said that this is not tempting for the machine tool industry, but it may be a long-term profit choice in the technical industry that they are good at.
The kind of contemptuous taste will never be forgotten
Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool Company belongs to the kind of enterprise that has withstood the temptation. Three years ago, when the local industry warmed up, the old state-owned enterprise sold its own property and took back 3.5 billion in cash. The “Rohan Lord†who got rid of poverty and got rich did not forget this. He turned to invest more than 2 billion yuan and set up a new factory building.
The use of this land sales money, just to achieve a comprehensive "upgraded" factory. In the words of Huang Zhao, the chairman of the board, it is “self-armed, gorgeous turn!†At the same time, Wu Zhong re-invested heavily and built an “Engineering Research Center†with Huazhong University of Science and Technology to train machine tools, standards and intelligence personnel.
In the stall of the financial crisis last year, Wuzhong successfully exported 3 super heavy-duty machine tools to the old British company Sheffield Forging, with a total value of 60 million yuan. When people ask how Wu Zhong makes "Let the British gentleman lower his proud head?" Huang Zhao replied that the old Chinese machine tool company has its mission, that is, using "China equipment, equipment China", into the home country of the industrial revolution, count A chance to train.
China is becoming the "main battlefield" for global machine tool companies to compete. This is an industry consensus. With the acceleration of China's industrialization process and the deepening of the degree, the market demand for modern machine tools will become larger and larger. The virtuous cycle of "machine-building machines" will lead China's manufacturing into a new realm.
The "eighteen arhats" and the "sacred gods" of each road often read a sentence: the machine tool industry is strong, then the country is strong, and vice versa. This is in line with Director Zhang Xiangmu's "principle requirements" for future industry transformation: "There is no influence on the quantity, nothing is counted, you can't decide the rules and standards, and there will never be a right to speak." Thus, he is against China. In the future of the machine tool industry, only one criterion is given: strong cultivation and elimination of weak ones.
The road to “Made in China†to “Created in China†is very difficult, and this is indispensable for the revitalization of the machine tool industry. In the future, in the fields of automobiles, engineering machinery, ships, aviation, aerospace, nuclear power, military industry, etc., machine tools can play a huge space as a "master machine" for work.
Guan Xiyou found a target and stared at it. In his view, there is a break in the product hierarchy of CNC machine tools in China and even in the world. "The value is equivalent to the gap between 30,000 and 1 million. There must be a generation of products in the middle," he said. "Shenyang Machine Tool The new CNC products are to fill this gap. We are not targeting the world's top products and technologies, but are market-oriented and provide the most cost-effective products for domestic and international customers."
However, there is no independent core technology, and it is difficult to move internationally. China’s “Rohans†must be more energetic.
In the early years, Guan Xiyou went to the United States to participate in the International Machine Tool Show with Shenyang Machine Tool. No one knew this business and was arranged in the basement. Everyone thought about it, what to say, Shenyang machine tools are regarded as a representative of China's industrial strength, not too shameful! Ask people, "Can you move to the hall?" The organizer replied that you still have no qualifications, and you can't give money.
"Irritation boss"! Guan Xiyou said that he really realized what position China's manufacturing is in the eyes of others, and that kind of contemptuous taste will never be forgotten.
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