1 Introduction
Coated tools are obtained by vapor deposition on a high-strength cemented carbide or high-speed steel (HSS) substrate with a coating of several micrometers of high-hardness, high-wear refractory metal or non-metallic compound coating. The coated tool has the characteristics of high surface hardness, good wear resistance, stable chemical properties, heat and oxidation resistance, low friction coefficient and low thermal conductivity. The coating material acts as a chemical barrier and a thermal barrier, reducing the distance between the tool and the workpiece. Diffusion and chemical reaction, which reduces the wear of crater. It can increase the tool life by 3~5 times than the uncoated tool during cutting, increase the cutting speed by 20%~70%, improve the machining accuracy by 0.5~1, and reduce the tool consumption cost. %~50%.
The emergence of coated tools is a revolution in the development of tool materials. Since the advent of coated tools, tool coating technology has developed rapidly and the types of coatings are increasing. Coated tools used in industrialized countries account for an increasing proportion of cutting tools, accounting for 70% to 80%. Coating tools have become the hallmark of modern tools. Table 1 shows the development of tool coating materials, from the first generation of single coatings to multi-layer coatings to meet the cutting process of different materials and cutting environments. With the development of coating technology, new types Nanotechnology coatings and soft coatings are gradually coming to market.
Table 1 Development of tool coating materials
Time-Coating Material-Coating Method-Main Application 1968-TiC, TiN-CVD-Carbide Tool 1973-TiCN, TiCN+Al2O3-CVD-Carbide Tool 1979-TiN-PVD-High Speed ​​Steel Tool 1981-TiC +Al2O3+TiN-CVD-Carbide Tools 1982-TiCN-MT-CVD-Carbide Tools 1984-TiCN-PVD-Carbide, High Speed ​​Steel Tools 1986-Diamond, CBN-CVD, PVD-Carbide Tools 1989-TiAlN-PVD-Carbide High Speed ​​Tool 1990-TiN, TiCN, TiC-PCVD-Carbide Tool 1993-CrN-PVD-Titanium Alloy, Copper Alloy Processing 1994-MoS2-PVD-High Speed ​​Steel Tool 1995-CNx- CVD, PVD-High Speed ​​Steel Tool 2000-TiAlCN-PVD-Carbide Tool 2000-TiN/AlN Nano-Multilayer-PVD-Carbide, High Speed ​​Steel Tool 2003-TiN/a-Si3N4 Nanocomposite-PCVD-Carbide Tool 2004-AlCrN-PVD-Carbide, High Speed ​​Steel Tool 2005-Al2O3-PVD-Carbide Tool
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