In the use of renewable energy to generate electricity, the current breakthrough is wind power. At present, the capacity of wind turbines in China is not large, and the number of wind turbines being developed abroad has reached 7,500 kilowatts. The wind turbines in Germany have reached a stand-alone capacity of 5,000 kilowatts. In the past two years, the wind turbines put into production in China have been imported from abroad. At present, the cost of wind power generation is higher than that of thermal power, and it depends on the state's financial subsidies to survive. Even so, it takes ten years to fully recover the cost.
In addition to wind power, biomass power generation is also booming, mainly by directly burning biomass, such as straw power. At present, Guodian Group has many small thermal power units put into production, and the benefits are also good through the national subsidy policy. Its power generation method is similar to that of conventional thermal power. It uses a chain furnace and there are not many technological innovations. The other power generation method is mainly biogas power generation. Under certain conditions, biomass is fermented by bacteria to produce biogas. After combustion, the internal combustion engine or gas turbine is used to generate electricity. The energy utilization efficiency is high, but the cost is high. A fermenting container needs a large amount of light. investment. Some domestic farms have small biogas power plants.
Solar power generation has also developed rapidly in China in recent years. The power generation efficiency of single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon is expected to increase the power generation efficiency to more than 20% in a short period of time. But at present, although the price of solar panels is falling faster, the cost of generating electricity is still more than five times that of thermal power, and there is still a long way to go in commercial operation.
The biggest disadvantages of the several power generation methods mentioned above are that they cannot be used as the main unit in the power system, and cannot satisfy the large-scale use of electricity, and the stability is poor. For example, wind power generation, although China's wind resources are very rich, due to the instability of wind power, its power is calculated by the current, accounting for only about 10% of the total power generation. If the unit is too much, it will affect the stable operation of the entire power grid, because the wind is uncontrollable. In another form of generator set, the power generation is relatively small and it is difficult to meet the demand.
In addition, there is tidal power generation. The installed capacity of the world's largest tidal power station has reached more than 200,000 kilowatts, which is already very impressive. In terms of China's coastal conditions, the energy density is not large. The highest tide area is the coast of Zhejiang and Guangdong, and the highest tide reaches about 8.5 meters. In addition, there is a need to build a dam, which is quite complicated and difficult to construct. The maintenance of the dam and the seawater corrosion of the machine require a lot of money. The cost does not say that the choice of dam site is more difficult. At present, China's Oceanic Administration has made an energy survey report on seawater, and believes that the tidal power station that can be developed in China is about 10 million kilowatts. So such a little power is far from satisfying the demand.
China's energy policy, previously written in textbooks: "Develop vigorously develop hydropower, properly develop nuclear power, and control the development of thermal power." Mainly shut down small thermal power units, with the exception of thermal power. The actual situation of China's power grid is: thermal power generation accounts for 80%, hydropower accounts for 20%, the rest is nuclear power, and it does not account for a fraction. Other power generation methods account for a smaller proportion, which is basically negligible. .
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