Rare earth elements play an important role in the electronics industry, new energy sources and other modern technologies. For modern wind power and hybrid cars, for example, permanent magnets rely on rare earth yttrium and strontium.
The proportion of barium in most rare earth ores can reach more than half, including rare earth ore in the United States, so the balance of supply and demand for barium elements is a problem for rare earth producers. In the most common rare earth ore in the United States, the content of antimony is three times that of antimony, which is more than 500 times that of antimony. Aluminum-beryllium alloys are expected to enhance the demand and application value of niobium elements, thereby promoting domestic rare earth mining.
"Modern energy technologies require the use of rare earth elements," said Rios. "But when we separate rare earths, we will have a large number of surplus elements that are limited in use - helium and thorium." If a new type of aluminum alloy is placed in an internal combustion engine, the by-product from the rare earth mining can be rapidly transformed into a more valuable product.
“The aluminum market is huge,†said Rios. “Aluminum is used in the automotive industry in large quantities, so even small components will enter the market and will increase demand.†Even if the new aluminum-bismuth alloy only has a market share of 1%, the demand for bismuth will also reach 3,000 tons. Components made from the new aluminum-bismuth alloy have many advantages over existing products such as low cost, high plasticity, low heat treatment requirements, and exceptionally high temperature stability.
"A lot of alloys with special properties are generally hard to cast," said David Weiss, vice president of R&D at Eck Industries. "But aluminum-bismuth alloys have the same casting characteristics as aluminum-silicon alloys."
The key to the high temperature properties of the alloy is the specific aluminum-niobium mixture or compound formed during melting or casting. The melting temperature of this intermetallic compound is above 2000 Ã….
The heat resistance of the aluminum-beryllium alloy is more suitable for the internal combustion engine, and actual measurements show that the new alloy remains stable at 300° C. (572° C.), and the conventional alloy has already begun to melt at this temperature. In addition, the stability of the new alloy reduces the need for heat treatment.
Aluminum-antimony alloys not only directly increase the engine's fuel efficiency through operating temperatures, but also improve fuel efficiency through the use of small aluminum base components or aluminum alloys instead of cast iron, such as cylinder columns, gearboxes, and cylinder heads.
The research team has made prototypes of aircraft cylinder heads into traditional sand molds. The team also made a fully functional cylinder head of a fossil fuel engine into a 3d printed sand mold. This is the first successful engine test in the same category at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Transportation Research Center. The exhaust temperature of the process display engine exceeds 600°C.
"The 3D printing model is generally difficult to achieve," said Oak Ridge Labs Zachary. "But due to the extraordinary plasticity of aluminum-bismuth alloys, this is completely achievable."
The new aluminum-bismuth alloy was developed by scientists from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Eck Industries. Eck Industrial's researchers are responsible for technical support for aluminum castings. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researchers use simultaneous acceleration source x-ray computed tomography to analyze aluminum-antimony castings.
Velcro disc is an abbreviation of sandpaper, a customary name. Velcro disc is also sandpaper. It is a conversion product of sandpaper. Its shape is a positive circle. It is flocked with sandpaper roll , and then put it on the stamping machine for stamping with *** circular die. The stamped product is velcro disc.
Sanding disc can be divided into two types according to the lamination: back glue disc sand and back velvet disc sand (also known as self-adhesive disc sand and brushed disc sand). The fluffed disc sandpaper can be non hole fluffed disc sand paper or hole fluffed disc sand paper. The velcro disc with holes is convenient to discharge waste chips from the holes when grinding objects, so as to improve the grinding efficiency. There are other classification methods. For example, according to the size, the common disc sands are 100mm, 115mm, 125mm, 150mm, 180mm and 215mm in diameter, and the diameter area of disc sands that can be used is 23mm --- 235mm.
According to the sand surface of disc sand, the common ones are white sand disc sand, red sand disc sand, yellow sand disc sand, black sand flocking disc sand, blue sand disc sand, green sand disc sand, grid flocking sand. And classified from the raw materials of disc sand paper, velcro discs can be divided into aluminum oxide velcro disc, silicon carbide velcro disc and zorconia velcro disc. Aluminum oxide velcro disc can be divided into ordinary aluminum oxide velcro disc, calcined aluminum velcro disc and so on. The particle size of disc sand is usually divided into 40# 60# 80# 100# 120# 150# 180# 220# 240# 320# 360# 400# 600# 800# 1000# 1200# 1500# 2000#.
And the application of disc sandpaper is extensive. From the space shuttle to the mobile phones and computers we use, disc sandpaper is used in the production process. Some parts of the space shuttle need to be finely polished with disc sandpaper, and the fuselage needs to be polished with disc sandpaper before spraying paint, so that there will be no paint peeling. Take our common notebook computers for example. If they can have such a mysterious appearance color, they can't lose the fine grinding of disc sand. It is mainly used for polishing, furniture, hardware, electronic accessories. At the same time, the efficiency of disc sandpaper grinding products is very high, which is faster, more convenient and less loss than conventional hand sandpaper grinding; However, the round sand disc also has some shortcomings. At present, with the gradual improvement of the requirements for the surface finish of the ground workpiece, the requirements for the base of the round sand are also higher and higher.
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