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According to the "Japan Economic News" reported on August 19, in Japan, the development of "microbial fuel cells" using microorganisms to decompose organic matter to generate electricity is on the rise. Institutions such as the University of Tokyo and Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. will start installing devices at chemical plants in October to start self-sufficiency experiments on the power required for wastewater treatment. Tokyo University of Technology succeeded in improving power generation efficiency by using carbon nanotubes made of fine carbon materials. The organic matter rich in waste water can be used as a fuel, so all parties in Japan hope to use it as a new renewable energy source and accelerate the pace of practical use of micro-organisms for power generation.
Tokyo Pharmaceutical University and Panasonic also participated in experiments at the University of Tokyo and Sekisui Chemical. Using microorganisms "Geobacter", which is widely present in the soil, microorganisms are allowed to multiply on the surfaces of cheap metal electrodes, and then the power generation efficiency is improved by increasing the tightness of the apparatus.
In an experiment conducted with a small apparatus that can treat 1 liter of waste water, 40% of the electric power generated by the microorganisms was recovered. From October, facilities for treating 1,000 liters (1 cubic meter) of waste water will be installed in the factory of Sekisui Chemicals, and 80% of the electricity required to start wastewater treatment will rely on "self-sufficiency" experiments. To be put into practical use, we must have the ability to treat 1000 cubic meters of wastewater in one day, and we will solve the problems faced through experiments. The future output power is expected to reach 10-20 kilowatts. The plan will be put into practical use within 10 years.
Professor Takeo Takenaka of Tokyo Institute of Technology has successfully developed a system for efficient power generation. The specific approach is to propagate baker's yeast on a grid full of carbon nanotubes, and then let the yeast decompose organic matter, which increases the efficiency of electricity generation by a factor of 10 compared to the past. It is alleged that the microorganisms on the web filled with nanotubes cannot run away and the power generation efficiency is thus improved.
Research on microbial fuel cells began in the 1970s. The wastewater discharged from factories and households contains a large amount of organic matter, which can generate electricity while purifying wastewater. However, it has been considered that it is difficult to put it into practical use because of its low power generation efficiency.
As a subject facing practical issues, Professor Watanabe Watanabe of the Tokyo Pharmaceutical University pointed out that “the integration of different disciplines such as biology and electrochemistry is indispensableâ€. Until now, researchers in the field of microbiology have been promoting research and development. If researchers in companies that specialize in the development of catalysts and materials can also participate in research and development, the practical application of biofuel cells will become possible.
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