Phosphorus in this form generally has no nutritional value for pigs because of the lack of an endogenous enzyme system that breaks down phytic acid in pigs. Only phytase can release phosphorus from phytic acid and phosphorus complexes and is used by pigs. Therefore, in a sense, the phosphorus utilization rate of various plant sources depends, in part, on the amount of phytase activity contained in the feed. For example, the bioavailability of phosphorus in corn and sorghum is 12% because of their low phytase activity, while phytase activity in barley and wheat is high, and the bioavailability of phosphorus is 30% to 50% on average. Wheat by-products such as bran, after some fermentation process, activate phytase activity, so the biological utilization rate of phosphorus can reach 35% to 70%.
Phytase is a lipase that degrades phytic acid and its salts in plant feeds. It decomposes phytate phosphorus into an intermediate metabolite of orthophosphoric acid and other phosphoinositides, thereby increasing its utilization. In theory, each phytic acid molecule can release 6 phosphorus ions, that is, each gram of phytic acid can be completely hydrolyzed to produce 281.6 mg of phosphorus. Phytase is usually found in certain cereal seeds (such as wheat), but it is not active in the dry state. Only when the seed absorbs water and begins to germinate, the phytase is activated and hydrolyzed in the form of phytic acid. Phosphorus compounds release inorganic phosphorus for crop growth. The phytase in the gastrointestinal tract of animals is derived from the ingested plant material, the intestinal microflora and the endogenous products of the intestinal mucosa. However, the availability of rapidly growing piglets to break down the phosphorus in plant materials is almost insignificant.
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