According to foreign media reports, researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi campus are developing new thermoelectric materials to effectively convert thermal energy into electrical energy.
(Source: Indian Institute of Technology Mandy Campus official website)
Researchers say that the use of thermal energy to generate electricity is very attractive, because human activities in industries such as industry, power plants, household appliances and automobiles generate a lot of heat energy, and most of this heat energy is wasted. In recent years, people are very interested in developing technologies that can dynamically obtain energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy. Such future technologies regard solar, thermal and mechanical energy as sustainable energy.
Ajay Soni, an associate professor at IIT Mandi Campus in Himachal Pradesh, said: "The working principle of thermoelectric materials is the Seebeck effect, which is caused by the temperature difference between two different electrical conductors or semiconductors. The thermoelectric phenomenon of voltage difference. Typical thermoelectric materials must have three characteristics: high thermoelectric power and high conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and the ability to maintain temperature differences. However, materials with these three characteristics are difficult to find, and some semiconductor materials must Further adjustments are required to achieve good thermoelectric efficiency. "
At present, many auto companies such as Volkswagen, Volvo, Ford and BMW are also developing thermoelectric waste heat recovery systems, which are expected to improve the fuel economy of cars by 3% to 5%. The energy recovered from thermoelectric materials is also expected to power consumer electronics, aviation and even space applications.
Soni studied semiconductors such as bismuth telluride, tin telluride, and silver (such semiconductors contain crystalline superionic sulfide silver germanium), and added various trace elements to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit of such semiconductors Index of system thermoelectric efficiency). In an ideal state, a thermoelectricity optimal value of 3 to 4 can convert more than 40% of waste heat into useful electrical energy. However, in practice, the thermoelectricity optimal value of such semiconductors has been hovering around 1, which is not enough for practical applications.
However, the Soni research team discovered a new soft phonon mode (weak interaction between atoms), showing better thermoelectric performance, which can make the thermoelectric figure of merit of various materials reach 1 to 1.6. The researchers said that the results of this study provide space for further exploration of new semiconductors and improvement of semiconductors.
Researchers say that about 70% of the world ’s thermoelectricity is wasted and released into the environment, becoming one of the key causes of global warming. If this waste heat can be captured and converted into electrical energy, it can achieve energy self-sufficiency and protect the environment. (Author: Yuqiu Yun)
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