Roof leakage has been one of the more prominent quality issues in house construction. After years of strengthening the national requirements for roof waterproofing and the promotion of the use of new waterproof materials, roof waterproofing has been widely applied and has achieved remarkable results. The phenomenon of roof leakage has also gradually decreased.
Roof waterproofing has become an integral part of every building. The quality of waterproofing projects is getting more and more attention.
However, due to factors such as materials, design, construction, and ambient temperature, construction quality problems of coiled waterproof roofs still occur from time to time, affecting the effectiveness and service life of roof waterproofing in different degrees. After reviewing a large number of case studies and combining practical experience in project quality supervision, I believe that most of the quality problems that exist in coiled waterproof roofs are due to improper operation of the construction process, and unfamiliarity with the detailed specifications and requirements of the detailed waterproof structure. , as well as the use of unqualified materials.
In order to eliminate the common problem of the quality of membrane waterproofing roofs used in our province and to ensure the construction quality of membrane waterproof roofs, according to the current “Code for Quality Acceptance of Roof Engineering†(GB0207-2002) and the “Building Waterproofing Material†compiled by our province. Application of technical regulations (DBJl3-39-2001), should grasp the following aspects of the control work.
1 Pre-construction control measures 1.1 Select the construction team. The construction of the roof waterproofing project shall be undertaken by professional waterproof teams with corresponding qualifications.
The operator must be professionally trained and hold an induction certificate. Before the construction team enters the site, it is necessary to check and verify the qualification certificate and employment permit.
1.2 The drawings must be reviewed before construction to understand the intent of the design and to be familiar with the details. The construction unit must compile the construction plan or technical measure plan according to the drawings after the meeting and the actual situation on the site.
The contents of the plan should include: construction procedures and division of work sections, construction techniques, technical measures, safety measures, quality standards, and product protection. Prior to construction, the operator will be given a technical proposal such as the construction plan, key parts, and key procedures, so that the operator can clearly specify the construction content and quality requirements 1.3 check the material quality of the approach.
Materials used for roofing waterproofing must be inspected on site. The coils, adhesives and sealing materials used in the coil waterproofing project shall have clearly marked instructions and certificates.
All incoming materials shall be sent to the statutory testing agency for re-inspection before being used. To prevent the use of substandard waterproof material in waterproofing.
For some waterproof materials that have already been eliminated or not in line with the development direction of the national industrial policy, they are also not allowed to use. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility of various types of waterproof materials, whether they are compatible with each other, and whether the construction methods match.
Checking and checking the quantity and weight of incoming materials is also an effective measure to prevent the cutting-off of construction materials and ensure the quality of construction works. As the surface of the coil will weaken the adhesive force, and the surface of the coil has a certain degree of water absorption, moisture absorption, so the waterproof membrane after entering the field must be placed in a ventilated, dry place.
Storage and construction of solvent-based materials must also have fire prevention facilities. 1.4 Check the quality of the base layer.
Grass-roots treatment is an important process before waterproof construction and is an important prerequisite for doing a good job of waterproofing. The base must have sufficient strength.
The surface of the screed should be flat and not uneven. There must be no defects such as crisp, sanding, air and cracks.
The junctions between the grass-roots level and the prominent roof structures such as the parapets, vertical walls, upper manholes, deformation joints, etc., and at the corners where the water falls, cornices, and gutters are to be rounded orphaned. The slope of the water flow must meet the design requirements and the surface of the base must be kept clean and dry.
The base layer of the waterproof layer must meet the requirements of the selected waterproof material for the base layer. 2 Control measures for the coil laying process.
2. l Check the condition of construction equipment. The waterproof construction equipment for coils mainly includes cleaning tools and coiling tools, as well as some special tools.
When the construction equipment is installed, it can guarantee the smooth construction and meet the requirements of the construction process. 2.2 inspection process and construction methods.
Different waterproofing membranes have different technological processes. Such as our province synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane cold-bonding process process is: grassroots cleaning → dry degree inspection of the grass-roots level → spray base treatment agent → node additional reinforcement layer, empty layer → positioning, elastic line, trial shop → adhesive mixing → Base, Coiled Adhesive Rolling or Rolling, Rolling, Exhausting, Sticking, Adhesive, Brushing, Adhesive, Rolling, Exhausting, Bonding, Seam Opening, Coil End, Node sealing → inspection, sorting, acceptance → protective layer construction.
At present, the most commonly used coil types in our province are synthetic polymer waterproof membranes and polymer modified asphalt waterproof membranes. Synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane construction methods are self-adhesive method, hot air welding method, mechanical fixing method, but the province uses cold paste method.
In addition to the cold paste method, the polymer modified bitumen membranes are often hot melted and self-adhesive. The correct construction procedure is the primary condition for ensuring the normal construction and ensuring the quality of the project.
Regardless of the construction method adopted, the process flow specified in the “Technical Regulations for the Application of Building Waterproofing Materials†of this Province shall be observed. 2.3 Control of major construction methods and key procedures.
1 Primary treatment agent construction. The primary treatment agent must be evenly brushed, and it must not be piled up or leaked. Repeated brushing at the same place is not allowed.
The main control is the compatibility between drying time and wood properties. 2 Detail node additional reinforcement layer construction.
Most of the roof leakage occurs at the detailed nodes. In the gutters, drainage outlets, pipe roots, corners and other weak parts that are prone to leakage, additional reinforcing layers should be added.
The additional reinforcing layer of synthetic polymer waterproof membrane and polymer modified asphalt waterproof membrane is generally treated with waterproof coating. The main focus is on controlling the thickness and width of additional reinforcement layers.
3 laying of coils. The laying sequence of the coils is: first, high span, low span, first span, first span, second span, and the same span, from the low level to the high level.
The direction of paving is: When the roof slope is less than 3%, parallel to the roof tile; 3% -15% when the parallel roof is better, more than 15% should be perpendicular to the roof direction. The main method of controlling the laying is to meet the design requirements, and do not make mistakes in the order and direction of laying.
Also check whether the web is smooth and straight, without distortion, zigzag, bubbling, warping, and damage. 4 lap construction.
When parallel to the ridges, the long sides overlap in the direction of the flowing water. When it is perpendicular to the ridge, the short edge laps along the prevailing wind direction.
The lap joints of the upper and lower layers and the adjacent two webs should be staggered. Seams should be sealed with a sealing material with a width of not less than 10mm.
The main control seam position, lap width. The lap joints should be straight and tidy, and the seals should be firmly sealed.
5 ends shut. The end of the coil end and the end of the coiled end of the coil shall be trimmed and the pressure shall be fixed with a strip or washer after the pressure is left in the groove of the person. The distance between the nail and the washer shall be less than 90mm, and then the groove shall be embedded with the sealing material. Sealed strictly.
The main control to close the coil must be firmly fixed, does not produce slippage and slits Alice, shut lines should be smooth. 2.4 Control the construction quality of the roof detail structure.
Roof gutters, trenches, cornices, parapets, flooding, water fallout, deformation joints, pipe roots are the key parts of roof waterproofing. Most of the roof leakage is caused by improper handling of these nodes.
In the waterproof construction of the roof, the detailed waterproof structure is the most vulnerable to the quality problems, and the construction quality of these nodes must be controlled with emphasis. First of all, we need to understand the requirements of the "Code for Quality Acceptance of Roof Engineering" on the waterproof construction of these detailed nodes.
1 The waterproof structure requirements of Tiangou and Yugou are as follows: a. The additional layer in the trench should be laid at the intersection of the gutter, trench and roof, and the width of the empty shop should not be less than 200mm. b. The waterproofing layer of the coiled material shall be turned from the bottom of the trench to the top of the trench. The coil head shall be fixed with cement nails and sealed with a sealing material.
2 The requirements for the waterproof construction of the cornice are as follows: a. The full thickness method should be applied to the membrane within 80mm of the cornice. b. The coil head should be pressed into the groove, using a metal bead for pressure, and sealed with a sealing material. c. The olecranon and drip tray should be wiped out at the bottom of the mouth.
3 The requirements for the waterproof structure of the parapet wall of the parasol should be: a. The membranes in the flooded area should be filled and adhered. b. The top of the coil on the brick wall can be directly laid under the pressure of the top of the daughter wall. The top of the pressure should be treated with water, or pressed into the groove of the brick wall to be fixed and sealed. The leveling layer of the groove from the roof should not be less than 250mm. The upper wall should be waterproofed.
c. The head of the coiled material on the concrete wall shall be pressed with a metal bead and sealed with a sealing material. 4 The waterproof construction requirements of the water falling-off are as follows: a. The elevation on the water falling cup should be set at the bottom of the ditch b, and the waterproof layer should not be less than 50mm in the water falling cup.
c. The slope within the range of 500mm around the water outlet shall not be less than 5%, and shall be sealed with a waterproof coating or sealing material. The thickness shall not be less than 2mm. d, water contact cup and base contact should be left 20mm wide, deep 20mm groove, and filled with sealing material.
5 The requirements for the waterproof structure of deformation joints are as follows: a. The height of flooding of deformation joints should not be less than 250mm:b. The waterproof layer should be laid on the upper part of the masonry on both sides of the deformation joint. c. Deformation seams should be filled with polystyrene foam, filled with cushioning material, and covered with coils.
d, the top of the deformation joints should be buckled or metal cover plate, the joints of the cover plate should be filled with sealing material. 6 The waterproof structure requirements for pipe roots are as follows: a. The root diameter of the pipeline is within 500mm. The leveling layer should be wiped out with a circular table with a height of not less than 30mm.
b. Add additional layers around the root of the pipeline, and the height and width should not be less than 300mm. c. The waterproof layer on the pipe shall be fastened with a metal hoop and sealed with a sealing material.
Familiar with and mastered the waterproof construction requirements of these detailed nodes, we can timely inspect and control the construction quality of the detailed roof structure in accordance with these requirements and ensure that it meets the corresponding quality standards. 2.5 Matters needing attention.
1 Before the construction of waterproofing membranes, on-site sampling tests shall be made for their thickness. Thickness of less than 4mm coil can not be used hot-melt construction: 2 coil waterproof roof is prohibited construction in rainy days, snow days.
Winds must not be constructed when they are at level 5 or above. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, it is not suitable for construction.
If it rains during construction, it is necessary to do a good job of protective work around the rolled sheet and bury or seal the margin around the coil as soon as possible. 3 The construction of the waterproof layer on the roof should be avoided after it is completed.
4 After the construction of the additional layer and each waterproof layer of the roof waterproofing detail node is completed, the relevant department must pass the inspection before entering the next process. 3 Control Measures for Subsequent Operations 3.1 Roof Water Storage Inspection.
The completion of the construction of the waterproof layer on the roof shall check the presence of water in the roof and whether the drainage system is unblocked. After passing the quality inspection, water storage inspection should be done.
Such as roof slope or other reasons can not do impoundment inspection response to the roof surface to do water testing. For the roof water falling down, the detailed nodes such as the junction between the roof structure and the roof must pass through the local impoundment inspection.
The impoundment inspection must be documented and approved by the person in charge of the relevant unit. 3.2 The construction of the protective layer.
The waterproof layer of coils is often used as a protective layer of light-colored paint and rigid materials. When using a light-colored coating protective layer, the surface of the coiled waterproof layer should be cleaned and brushed evenly in place before painting.
The bond between the coating and the web must be firm. When using a rigid protective layer.
According to different material requirements, the surface of the rigid waterproof layer should be flat, the settings of the sub-lattice seams should meet the requirements, and the protective layer should have sufficient strength. Care must be taken to control the gap between the rigid protective layer and the parapet wall to be 30 mm wide and to embed the sealing material to prevent bulging.
It is required that the isolation layer provided between the protective layer and the waterproof layer should be flat and must be completely isolated. 4 Conclusion The construction method of coil waterproof roof is not complicated, as long as the ideological attention, read the design drawings in advance, familiar with the process of coil waterproof roof, understand the details of the node structure requirements, master the correct construction methods, seize the key procedures and The key parts, complying with the requirements of technical specifications and acceptance standards, and timely controlling the quality points of each construction stage can ensure that the quality of coiled waterproof roof meets the requirements of design and specification.
Roof waterproofing has become an integral part of every building. The quality of waterproofing projects is getting more and more attention.
However, due to factors such as materials, design, construction, and ambient temperature, construction quality problems of coiled waterproof roofs still occur from time to time, affecting the effectiveness and service life of roof waterproofing in different degrees. After reviewing a large number of case studies and combining practical experience in project quality supervision, I believe that most of the quality problems that exist in coiled waterproof roofs are due to improper operation of the construction process, and unfamiliarity with the detailed specifications and requirements of the detailed waterproof structure. , as well as the use of unqualified materials.
In order to eliminate the common problem of the quality of membrane waterproofing roofs used in our province and to ensure the construction quality of membrane waterproof roofs, according to the current “Code for Quality Acceptance of Roof Engineering†(GB0207-2002) and the “Building Waterproofing Material†compiled by our province. Application of technical regulations (DBJl3-39-2001), should grasp the following aspects of the control work.
1 Pre-construction control measures 1.1 Select the construction team. The construction of the roof waterproofing project shall be undertaken by professional waterproof teams with corresponding qualifications.
The operator must be professionally trained and hold an induction certificate. Before the construction team enters the site, it is necessary to check and verify the qualification certificate and employment permit.
1.2 The drawings must be reviewed before construction to understand the intent of the design and to be familiar with the details. The construction unit must compile the construction plan or technical measure plan according to the drawings after the meeting and the actual situation on the site.
The contents of the plan should include: construction procedures and division of work sections, construction techniques, technical measures, safety measures, quality standards, and product protection. Prior to construction, the operator will be given a technical proposal such as the construction plan, key parts, and key procedures, so that the operator can clearly specify the construction content and quality requirements 1.3 check the material quality of the approach.
Materials used for roofing waterproofing must be inspected on site. The coils, adhesives and sealing materials used in the coil waterproofing project shall have clearly marked instructions and certificates.
All incoming materials shall be sent to the statutory testing agency for re-inspection before being used. To prevent the use of substandard waterproof material in waterproofing.
For some waterproof materials that have already been eliminated or not in line with the development direction of the national industrial policy, they are also not allowed to use. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility of various types of waterproof materials, whether they are compatible with each other, and whether the construction methods match.
Checking and checking the quantity and weight of incoming materials is also an effective measure to prevent the cutting-off of construction materials and ensure the quality of construction works. As the surface of the coil will weaken the adhesive force, and the surface of the coil has a certain degree of water absorption, moisture absorption, so the waterproof membrane after entering the field must be placed in a ventilated, dry place.
Storage and construction of solvent-based materials must also have fire prevention facilities. 1.4 Check the quality of the base layer.
Grass-roots treatment is an important process before waterproof construction and is an important prerequisite for doing a good job of waterproofing. The base must have sufficient strength.
The surface of the screed should be flat and not uneven. There must be no defects such as crisp, sanding, air and cracks.
The junctions between the grass-roots level and the prominent roof structures such as the parapets, vertical walls, upper manholes, deformation joints, etc., and at the corners where the water falls, cornices, and gutters are to be rounded orphaned. The slope of the water flow must meet the design requirements and the surface of the base must be kept clean and dry.
The base layer of the waterproof layer must meet the requirements of the selected waterproof material for the base layer. 2 Control measures for the coil laying process.
2. l Check the condition of construction equipment. The waterproof construction equipment for coils mainly includes cleaning tools and coiling tools, as well as some special tools.
When the construction equipment is installed, it can guarantee the smooth construction and meet the requirements of the construction process. 2.2 inspection process and construction methods.
Different waterproofing membranes have different technological processes. Such as our province synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane cold-bonding process process is: grassroots cleaning → dry degree inspection of the grass-roots level → spray base treatment agent → node additional reinforcement layer, empty layer → positioning, elastic line, trial shop → adhesive mixing → Base, Coiled Adhesive Rolling or Rolling, Rolling, Exhausting, Sticking, Adhesive, Brushing, Adhesive, Rolling, Exhausting, Bonding, Seam Opening, Coil End, Node sealing → inspection, sorting, acceptance → protective layer construction.
At present, the most commonly used coil types in our province are synthetic polymer waterproof membranes and polymer modified asphalt waterproof membranes. Synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane construction methods are self-adhesive method, hot air welding method, mechanical fixing method, but the province uses cold paste method.
In addition to the cold paste method, the polymer modified bitumen membranes are often hot melted and self-adhesive. The correct construction procedure is the primary condition for ensuring the normal construction and ensuring the quality of the project.
Regardless of the construction method adopted, the process flow specified in the “Technical Regulations for the Application of Building Waterproofing Materials†of this Province shall be observed. 2.3 Control of major construction methods and key procedures.
1 Primary treatment agent construction. The primary treatment agent must be evenly brushed, and it must not be piled up or leaked. Repeated brushing at the same place is not allowed.
The main control is the compatibility between drying time and wood properties. 2 Detail node additional reinforcement layer construction.
Most of the roof leakage occurs at the detailed nodes. In the gutters, drainage outlets, pipe roots, corners and other weak parts that are prone to leakage, additional reinforcing layers should be added.
The additional reinforcing layer of synthetic polymer waterproof membrane and polymer modified asphalt waterproof membrane is generally treated with waterproof coating. The main focus is on controlling the thickness and width of additional reinforcement layers.
3 laying of coils. The laying sequence of the coils is: first, high span, low span, first span, first span, second span, and the same span, from the low level to the high level.
The direction of paving is: When the roof slope is less than 3%, parallel to the roof tile; 3% -15% when the parallel roof is better, more than 15% should be perpendicular to the roof direction. The main method of controlling the laying is to meet the design requirements, and do not make mistakes in the order and direction of laying.
Also check whether the web is smooth and straight, without distortion, zigzag, bubbling, warping, and damage. 4 lap construction.
When parallel to the ridges, the long sides overlap in the direction of the flowing water. When it is perpendicular to the ridge, the short edge laps along the prevailing wind direction.
The lap joints of the upper and lower layers and the adjacent two webs should be staggered. Seams should be sealed with a sealing material with a width of not less than 10mm.
The main control seam position, lap width. The lap joints should be straight and tidy, and the seals should be firmly sealed.
5 ends shut. The end of the coil end and the end of the coiled end of the coil shall be trimmed and the pressure shall be fixed with a strip or washer after the pressure is left in the groove of the person. The distance between the nail and the washer shall be less than 90mm, and then the groove shall be embedded with the sealing material. Sealed strictly.
The main control to close the coil must be firmly fixed, does not produce slippage and slits Alice, shut lines should be smooth. 2.4 Control the construction quality of the roof detail structure.
Roof gutters, trenches, cornices, parapets, flooding, water fallout, deformation joints, pipe roots are the key parts of roof waterproofing. Most of the roof leakage is caused by improper handling of these nodes.
In the waterproof construction of the roof, the detailed waterproof structure is the most vulnerable to the quality problems, and the construction quality of these nodes must be controlled with emphasis. First of all, we need to understand the requirements of the "Code for Quality Acceptance of Roof Engineering" on the waterproof construction of these detailed nodes.
1 The waterproof structure requirements of Tiangou and Yugou are as follows: a. The additional layer in the trench should be laid at the intersection of the gutter, trench and roof, and the width of the empty shop should not be less than 200mm. b. The waterproofing layer of the coiled material shall be turned from the bottom of the trench to the top of the trench. The coil head shall be fixed with cement nails and sealed with a sealing material.
2 The requirements for the waterproof construction of the cornice are as follows: a. The full thickness method should be applied to the membrane within 80mm of the cornice. b. The coil head should be pressed into the groove, using a metal bead for pressure, and sealed with a sealing material. c. The olecranon and drip tray should be wiped out at the bottom of the mouth.
3 The requirements for the waterproof structure of the parapet wall of the parasol should be: a. The membranes in the flooded area should be filled and adhered. b. The top of the coil on the brick wall can be directly laid under the pressure of the top of the daughter wall. The top of the pressure should be treated with water, or pressed into the groove of the brick wall to be fixed and sealed. The leveling layer of the groove from the roof should not be less than 250mm. The upper wall should be waterproofed.
c. The head of the coiled material on the concrete wall shall be pressed with a metal bead and sealed with a sealing material. 4 The waterproof construction requirements of the water falling-off are as follows: a. The elevation on the water falling cup should be set at the bottom of the ditch b, and the waterproof layer should not be less than 50mm in the water falling cup.
c. The slope within the range of 500mm around the water outlet shall not be less than 5%, and shall be sealed with a waterproof coating or sealing material. The thickness shall not be less than 2mm. d, water contact cup and base contact should be left 20mm wide, deep 20mm groove, and filled with sealing material.
5 The requirements for the waterproof structure of deformation joints are as follows: a. The height of flooding of deformation joints should not be less than 250mm:b. The waterproof layer should be laid on the upper part of the masonry on both sides of the deformation joint. c. Deformation seams should be filled with polystyrene foam, filled with cushioning material, and covered with coils.
d, the top of the deformation joints should be buckled or metal cover plate, the joints of the cover plate should be filled with sealing material. 6 The waterproof structure requirements for pipe roots are as follows: a. The root diameter of the pipeline is within 500mm. The leveling layer should be wiped out with a circular table with a height of not less than 30mm.
b. Add additional layers around the root of the pipeline, and the height and width should not be less than 300mm. c. The waterproof layer on the pipe shall be fastened with a metal hoop and sealed with a sealing material.
Familiar with and mastered the waterproof construction requirements of these detailed nodes, we can timely inspect and control the construction quality of the detailed roof structure in accordance with these requirements and ensure that it meets the corresponding quality standards. 2.5 Matters needing attention.
1 Before the construction of waterproofing membranes, on-site sampling tests shall be made for their thickness. Thickness of less than 4mm coil can not be used hot-melt construction: 2 coil waterproof roof is prohibited construction in rainy days, snow days.
Winds must not be constructed when they are at level 5 or above. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, it is not suitable for construction.
If it rains during construction, it is necessary to do a good job of protective work around the rolled sheet and bury or seal the margin around the coil as soon as possible. 3 The construction of the waterproof layer on the roof should be avoided after it is completed.
4 After the construction of the additional layer and each waterproof layer of the roof waterproofing detail node is completed, the relevant department must pass the inspection before entering the next process. 3 Control Measures for Subsequent Operations 3.1 Roof Water Storage Inspection.
The completion of the construction of the waterproof layer on the roof shall check the presence of water in the roof and whether the drainage system is unblocked. After passing the quality inspection, water storage inspection should be done.
Such as roof slope or other reasons can not do impoundment inspection response to the roof surface to do water testing. For the roof water falling down, the detailed nodes such as the junction between the roof structure and the roof must pass through the local impoundment inspection.
The impoundment inspection must be documented and approved by the person in charge of the relevant unit. 3.2 The construction of the protective layer.
The waterproof layer of coils is often used as a protective layer of light-colored paint and rigid materials. When using a light-colored coating protective layer, the surface of the coiled waterproof layer should be cleaned and brushed evenly in place before painting.
The bond between the coating and the web must be firm. When using a rigid protective layer.
According to different material requirements, the surface of the rigid waterproof layer should be flat, the settings of the sub-lattice seams should meet the requirements, and the protective layer should have sufficient strength. Care must be taken to control the gap between the rigid protective layer and the parapet wall to be 30 mm wide and to embed the sealing material to prevent bulging.
It is required that the isolation layer provided between the protective layer and the waterproof layer should be flat and must be completely isolated. 4 Conclusion The construction method of coil waterproof roof is not complicated, as long as the ideological attention, read the design drawings in advance, familiar with the process of coil waterproof roof, understand the details of the node structure requirements, master the correct construction methods, seize the key procedures and The key parts, complying with the requirements of technical specifications and acceptance standards, and timely controlling the quality points of each construction stage can ensure that the quality of coiled waterproof roof meets the requirements of design and specification.
Release date:2009/3/5 16:53:41
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