【Fire Fighting】Fight Fire Accidents in Water-scarce Areas

(a) The main situation of dry areas

1. Failed to establish fire water supply system according to regulations

( 1 ) Some old-fashioned new village communities and logistics warehouses did not consider fire-fighting water in the early urban construction planning, or the designed fire-fighting water consumption was too small, the pipe diameter was small, the pressure was low, and the loop pipe network was not formed and could not be satisfied. Fire extinguishing needs.

( 2 ) The fire hydrant is damaged, buried or occupied, or no fire hydrants have been installed, or the fire hydrants are too sparsely distributed.

( 3 ) Fire-fighting water and domestic water are supplied by the same pipeline. Sometimes, due to the large amount of water consumed by the residents, the water supply for firefighting is obviously insufficient at the peak of domestic water use.

2 , lack of natural water

( 1 ) The natural water source is far away from the fire.

( 2 ) Although natural water sources are nearby, there is no place for fire engines to stop.

( 3 ) Some ponds and rivers are seasonal sources.

(II) Fire characteristics in urban water-scarce areas

I. Characteristics of Fire in Urban Water Shortage

1. A small fire brewing disaster: Water is the natural enemies of fire. If water is left behind, the fire will become even more rampant. It will cause fire to join the camp and it will spread rapidly, seriously affecting the safety of the company’s property and the safety of life and property of the surrounding residents. It will lead to incalculable losses.

2. Difficulties in fighting a large amount of fire: After a small ignited disaster, the burning area will increase, which greatly increases the difficulty of fighting.

3 , casualties: due to water shortages, when the fire has become fire in the case of the camp, it will inevitably cause casualties to the affected people.

4. The economic loss is high; there is a fire and there is a loss. Due to lack of water in the middle of the road, the fire spreads in a wider range and causes greater economic losses.

5 , water supply is difficult; long-distance water supply, so that intermittent water supply; long-distance laying water, water pressure loss, lack of water pressure, affecting the fire.

Second, due to insufficient water supply, the following consequences may result:

1 , can not effectively prevent the spread of fire, the fire quickly expanded to form a large area of ​​combustion.

2. Due to lack of water, unexpected accidents may occur. For example, steel structures that are threatened by fire cannot be cooled and may cause buildings to collapse.

(III) Combat Measures for Fire Fighting in Water-scarce Regions

Fighting Measures for Fire Fighting in Water-scarce Areas

1. Strengthen the “six familiars” in the area and master the situation of water shortages in the area under its jurisdiction. The squadron under its jurisdiction shall strengthen the investigation of the water-deficient areas of the unit, master its distribution, area, traffic roads, and recent water sources, and formulate practical and feasible fire-fighting operations plans and water supply programs.

2. The first dispatch should increase the water tanker. In case of a fire in a water-scarce area, the first dispatch should try to adjust as much as possible to a large-scale water tank fire truck, striving to make full adjustment at one time to meet the needs of water supply and fire extinguishing.

3 , make full use of the water near the fire. Make full use of the fire-fighting water in units near the fire site and domestic water used by residents, or use all available water sources such as sewage from the city and industrial waste water to save the fire.

4 , scientific organization and command. Water is the foundation for the success of the entire fire fighting operation, and the organization and command of science is the key to the success of the fire fighting. In the absence of water, the principle of fire command should be firmly grasped:

( 1 ) Choose the breakthrough point and focus on the main aspects of the superiority of the fire. After reaching the fire scene, the commander should correctly select the breakthrough point based on his own strength and the specific conditions of the fire field, deploy forces to start the battle, concentrate the dominant force on the most important route of the spread of fire, and effectively control the fire to complete the final extermination. Fire creates conditions.

( 2 ) Apply the principle of "control first and then eliminate". The first control is to control the spread of fire, and then to eliminate the fire and achieve the purpose of “preserving itself and eliminating the fire”. After the elimination is based on the prior control, after the reinforcement team arrives, the force is redeployed to completely eliminate the fire.

( 3 ) Effectively organize water supply on the fire site to ensure uninterrupted water supply. According to the actual situation of the fire, the correct choice of water supply. When the distance between the water source and the fire site is less than 1500 meters , the relay water supply is generally recommended. When the water source is greater than 1500 meters , it is generally advisable to use water for transport. When necessary, the sprinkler and all other transportable vehicles can be activated to provide water supply in an orderly manner. The masses can be organized to use buckets, basins, and other tools to take water, transfer, etc., to send water to fire engines, and even to organize masses to use simple water-carrying tools to transport water and participate directly in the extinguishing.

5 , save water, rational use of water. If the water source can not meet the needs of the entire fire field, it should be sacrificed locally, defend the key points, and concentrate the limited water on the main aspects of the fire. In the process of fire extinguishing, water should be used to prevent the spread of fire. The water gunner must aim at the fire point, accurately shoot water, maximize the fire extinguishing effect of the jet, and at the same time, timely open and close the water gun according to the change of the fire. It is possible to use small-caliber flowering water guns or spray guns; in the process of water supply, it is also possible to utilize the exhaust suction device and other fire-fighting wastewater recycling.

6 , timely demolition. In the case of rapid development of fire and severe shortage of water resources, it is necessary to demolish adjacent buildings in a timely manner and establish isolation barriers to prevent the spread of fire or organize personnel to use sand and earth to extinguish the fire.

7. Active evacuation of supplies. In case of water shortage in the absence of water, if it is not possible to stop the spread of fire, immediately organize sufficient force to evacuate the materials threatened by the fire, especially valuable materials, in order to reduce the fire damage.

(4) Fire extinguishing precautions in dry areas

1. Pay attention to the road traffic, parking locations, and water gun positions in the fire area. Choose a place that is easy to defend, easy to tap, and easy to withdraw. This will not only help eliminate the fire, but also facilitate the protection of yourself when the water supply is interrupted or the house collapses.

2. After the fires in the water-scarce areas are extinguished, fire-fighting water should still be maintained. At the same time, attention should be paid to the search and seizure, so as to prevent rekindling and re-explosion of the remaining fires after the interruption of water supply.

3 , in the use of natural water supply, it is necessary to take measures to prevent blocking, the water filter on the water filter must be covered with blue water, etc., while the fire truck to park in place to prevent the fire truck was trapped.

4. Attention should be paid to the personal protection of the commanders and soldiers in the course of in-depth attack and demolition, to prevent burns, burns, or collapsed buildings.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.