ã€China Aluminum Network】 Aluminum has a low density, high plasticity, excellent electrical and thermal properties, a dense oxide film on the surface, and good corrosion resistance. The reserves of aluminum in the earth's crust are large. According to statistics, iron in the crust accounts for 4.7% (mass fraction, the same below) and aluminum accounts for 7.5%. At present, aluminum has become a relatively large amount of metal in non-ferrous metals.
Casting aluminum alloy is based on pure aluminum added other metal or non-metallic elements, not only can maintain the basic properties of pure aluminum, but also due to the role of alloying and heat treatment, aluminum alloy has a good overall performance. Aluminum and aluminum alloys occupy an important position in the industry, and are used in a large number in fields such as military, industry, agriculture, and transportation, and are also widely used as building structural materials, household life appliances, sporting goods, and the like.
In this type of alloy, Si is the main alloying element. Si improves the fluidity of the alloy, reduces the hot cracking tendency, reduces porosity, and improves airtightness. These alloys have good corrosion resistance and moderate machinability, moderate strength and hardness, but low plasticity. According to the Si content in the alloy, the alloy can be divided into eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys (ZL102, YL102, ZL108, YL108 and ZL109), hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys (ZL1l7 and YL1117) and hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys ( The rest of the alloy).
ZLI02 is a typical binary eutectic Al-Si alloy. The mass fraction of Si in the alloy is 10%-13%. The alloy has excellent casting properties, but mechanical properties and cutting performance are poor. In order to improve the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of ZL102 alloy, a certain amount of Mg, Cu and Mn were added to make the ZL108 alloy, so that the thermal expansion coefficient was small and the wear resistance was improved. ZL109 is also a eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. Compared with the ZL108 alloy, the Cu content is reduced, the Mg content is increased, and Ni is used instead of Mn. The alloy has better heat resistance. ZL108 and ZL109 alloys are widely used as internal combustion engine pistons. YL102 and YL108 are mainly used as die casting alloys.
Al-Si-Mg alloys in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys include ZL101, ZL101A, ZL104, YL104, ZL114A, ZLl15 and ZL1l6. The main differences in the composition of these alloys are: ZL104 alloy added Mn, ZL115 alloy added Zn and he, ZL1l6 alloy added Ti and Be, ZL101A and ZL114A alloy is made of high-purity refined aluminum as raw material, reducing impurity content . These alloys have good casting properties, moderate mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, and are widely used in industry. The alloys belonging to the Al-Si-Cu system include ZL105, ZL105A, ZL106, ZL11O, ZL111, ZL107, YL112 and YL113. The first five alloys contain Mg, and the latter three alloys do not contain Mg, but the Cu content is high. In addition, a small amount of Mn and TicZL110 alloys with high Cu content and low Mg content were also added to the ZLI06 and ZL111 alloys. Al-Si-Cu alloys have good casting properties, moderate mechanical properties, and poor corrosion resistance compared with Al-Si-Mg alloys. YL112 and YL113 alloys are mainly used as die casting alloys, and other alloys are used for sand casting, Metal casting and precision casting.
The mass fraction of Si in hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys generally exceeds 15%. The mass fraction of Si in 390.0 alloy in USA, KS281 in Germany and YL117 in China is about 18%; the mass fraction of Si in ZL117 alloy in Germany and KS280 in Germany is about 21%; Si in KS282 alloy in Germany The quality score is about 24%. With the increase of Si content, such alloys have a reduced density, a lower thermal expansion coefficient, and a corresponding increase in hardness, wear resistance and volume stability. They are mainly used as piston materials, and their main drawbacks are that they are difficult to machine and require strict tools.
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