[China Aluminum Network] Aluminum is a very rich metal element on the earth, and its reserves rank second in the metal. By the end of the 19th century, aluminum had emerged as a competitive metal in engineering applications and became popular. With the development of aviation, construction, and the three important industries for cars, the characteristics of demand data have the common property of aluminum and its alloys, which greatly contributes to the production and application of this new metal-aluminum. When Charles Hall succeeded in the electrolytic recovery of alumina (Al2O3) dissolved in molten cryolite when they were alone in Ohio and Paul Heroupt in France in 1886, internationally, they depended on the previous batch of internal combustion engine-powered equipment. The advent of vehicles, along with the information needed for the car industry and which has ever-increasing engineering value, has played an important role in the beginning of the car industry. Electrification also requires the use of many lightweight electrically conductive metals—aluminum for long-distance transmission—for the construction of towers that support the requirements of the overhead cable network to transmit power to power plants. The development of the aluminum industry is not limited to the above. Aluminum is used commercially in novelty items such as frames, house signs, and meal trays. Aluminum appliances have also become a commodity on the market. Nowadays, aluminum has been developed into a material with a wide range of uses. The scale of the aluminum is so wide that various aspects of modern life are directly affected by the use of aluminum. The aluminum production of aluminum is based on the Hall-Heroult method. The alumina produced from bauxite is dissolved in the cryolite electrolyte with several fluoride salts added between them to manipulate the electrolyte temperature, density, resistivity, and solubility of aluminum. Then, a current is passed to electrolyze the melted alumina. In this way, oxygen is generated on the carbon anode and reacts with the latter, while aluminum is collected as a molten metal layer on the cathode. The metal that has been separated can be removed from the crucible by siphon or vacuum at a regular time, and then the liquid is transferred to a forging facility and cast into ingots.
The primary impurities enriched in the aluminum that is exercised are iron and silicon, and zinc, bismuth, titanium, and vanadium are generally present as trace impurities. The lower purity of aluminum on the international level is the definitive composition and its value as a fundamental specification. In the United States, to constitute a conventional approach is to consider the relative concentration of iron and iron as a more important norm. The grade of unalloyed metal can be determined by its purity. For example, aluminum with a content of 99.70% aluminum may be determined by the method developed by the Aluminum Association of America. The rule of law is based on the Pxxx level. In the latter case, the number following the letter P indicates the respective large zero-point value of silicon and iron. The total international primary aluminum production value of the whole country is 17.304 x 106Mg. The value of aluminum in the United States accounted for 22.8% of the international production value in 1988, while Europe accounted for 21.7%. The other 55.5% of aluminum is produced in Asia (6.6%), Canada (8.9%), Latin America (including South America) (8.8%), Oceania (7.8%), Africa (3.1%) and other regions (21.3%). The main characteristics of aluminum: aluminum and its alloys are characterized by its good appearance, light weight, good machinability, good physical and mechanical properties, and good corrosion resistance, so that aluminum and aluminum alloys are considered to be more useful in many fields of application. Economical and practical.
The density of aluminum is only 2.7g/cm3, about 1/3 of the density of steel, copper or brass (7.83g/cm3, 8.93g/cm3 respectively). Under most environmental conditions, aluminum can show corrosion resistance in air, water (or brine), petrochemical, and many chemical systems.
The appearance of aluminum is highly reflective. Radiant energy, visible light, radiant heat, and radio waves can all be usefully reflected by aluminum, and the appearance of anodization and dark anodization can be reflective and can be absorptive. Reflectivity in the wavelength range, so it has a variety of uses for decoration and has the use of reflective functionality.
Aluminum generally exhibits electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and some specific aluminum alloys with high electrical resistivity have also been developed. These alloys can be used in motors such as high torque. Aluminum is often chosen for its electrical conductivity. On the basis of equal components, the conductivity of aluminum is nearly twice that of copper. The thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys is approximately 50-60% of that of copper, which is beneficial for the manufacture of heat exchangers, evaporators, heating appliances, appliances, and the head and radiator of cars.
Aluminum is miser- ferromagnetic, which is an important feature for the electrical and electronics industries. Aluminum cannot be spontaneously ignited, which is important for touching or handling flammable or explosive materials. Aluminum is non-toxic and is generally used to make containers for food and beverages. Its natural appearance has a pleasant appearance. It is soft and shiny, and for beauty, it can be colored or dyed with lines.
Some aluminum alloys surpass structural steels in strength, but pure aluminum and some aluminum alloys have extremely low strength and hardness. In modern life, aluminum is now widely used in the construction industry. Machinability: The machinability of aluminum is yes. In various deformed aluminum alloys and wrought aluminum alloys, and in the various conditions that these alloys have after they have been produced, the machining characteristics have changed considerably, which requires extra machine tools or skills. Formability: This is one of the more important characteristics of aluminum and many aluminum alloys. Specific tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and corresponding work-hardening rate govern the change in the amount of deformation that is promised. The rating of the formability of commercially available aluminum alloys in different shapes depends on the technical method of forming. These ratings only serve as a general guide for the qualitative control of the metal processing properties, ie they cannot be used quantitatively as extremes of formability. Malleability: Aluminum alloys can be forged into a wide range of shapes and types of forgings, and their final size of the parts forging planning specification (according to the use of the reservation) is very wide. The linking aluminum can be bridged by a number of methods, including fusion welding, resistance welding, brazing, soldering, bonding, and mechanical methods such as riveting and bolting. Recoverability: Aluminum has a very high retractability. The characteristics of recycled aluminum are very similar to that of native aluminum. This makes aluminum a darling of environmentalists.
The use of aluminum is widely used in various constructions such as bridges, towers and storage tanks. Although infrastructure investment costs for structural steel profiles and plates are low, aluminum is used when thinking about the structural features of the project, common construction plans, light weight, and/or corrosion resistance. Aluminum can be used to assist in the construction of bridges and highways, such as bridge railings, highway guardrails, lighting gauges, traffic control towers, traffic signs, and convergence fences. Aluminium is also used throughout the construction of bridges, and in particular during the construction of balancing devices and bridges with long piers away from bridges or active bridges.
Scaffolding, ladders, substation structures, and other utility structures. The most commonly used aluminum methods are structural profiles and extra kneading profiles. Cranes, conveyors and heavy load handling systems contain a lot of aluminum. Water storage tanks are often made of aluminum alloys to enhance corrosion resistance and create an attractive appearance. The packaging industry has always been one of the markets for the use of aluminum, and it has been developing rapidly. Packaging industry goods include household packaging materials, flexible packaging and food containers, caps, hoses, beverage cans, and food cans. Aluminum foil is suitable for packaging, foil box, package for food and pharmaceuticals, and can be used by writers. Deformed aluminum products and forged aluminum products are widely used in the construction of cars (Table 1-1). The typical amount of aluminum for each car is about 70kg (150lb), and this number is expected to increase sharply because the demand for fuel-saving throughout is forcing this, and everyone continues to focus on recovering the importance of aluminum.
Due to the weight constraints of the trucks and the desire of everyone to add useful payloads, the manufacturer has added aluminum to the use of cabs, trailers and trucks. Because of the use of kneaded body longitudinal beams, frame bottom beams and beams, the truck’s own weight has been reduced. Kneading or stencils and forged steering wheels are common.
Aluminum railway vehicles are used to make railroad depots, refrigerated trucks and tankers (Figure 1-10). Aluminum is also widely used in railway passenger cars, especially those in public transport systems.
The use of aluminum at sea is widespread in the marine operations of the general assembly. It includes the ship’s primary load-bearing components such as hulls and deck rooms, and other applications such as chimney casings, hatch covers, window frames, air outlets, gangways, channels, stern, decks, ventilation Equipment, marine furniture, hardware devices with aluminum substitutes, fuel tanks, and flat surfaces with light.
Aerospace aluminum is used in virtually all parts of the aircraft, missile, and spacecraft industries (Figure 1-11) - Container equipment for airframes, engines, accessories, liquid fuels, and oxidizers. Aluminum is widely used because of its high strength/density ratio, corrosion resistance, and component effectiveness, and is particularly used in tight planning.
Durable Consumer Products: Household Appliances Aluminum is widely used in household appliances because of its light weight, beautiful appearance, adaptability to various processes, and inexpensive production and processing costs. Light weight is an important feature of aluminum products. Vacuum cleaners, electric irons, portable dishwashers and food processors and blenders.
The furniture's light weight, low maintenance costs, corrosion resistance, durability and beautiful appearance are the primary strengths of aluminum furniture. Machinery and equipment: Aluminum is also widely used in: Processing equipment Textile equipment Coal mining machinery Mobile irrigation pipes and things
Aluminum and its alloys can be cast into castings or processed into a material using all known methods. The processed products of aluminum and its alloys can be divided into two categories: one is a general-purpose commodity, consisting of thin plates, slabs, foils, bars, wires, tubes, and structural profiles, in which the plates can be subdivided into round bars and non-circular bars. In the meantime, the pipe can be subdivided into a specification tube and a non-standard tube. Another type of commodity that is common to all right and wrong is a commodity set for a specific use. It includes kneading profiles, forgings, punchings, castings, stampings, powder metallurgy (P/M) parts, and machined parts. And aluminum composite materials.
The kneading pieces are kneaded by the solid metal to be produced through the opening die. Axisymmetric planners are particularly suitable for kneading production. Using the current technology, you can also knead the messy, mandrel and asymmetric appearances. The fine kneading can reveal the harshness of a person's identity. The precision of the kneaded goods can be easily reached by simple cutting, drilling, reaming, and other small amounts of machining. Seamless tubes produced by kneading, kneading and drawing can be matched with mechanically produced seamed tubes and welding receivers.
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