One type of natural impurity in diamond crystals, known as the nitrogen-vacancy center, has a unique, long-lived, single-electron spin state that can be controlled and detected optically. This property can be used to generate "spintronic" devices and is likely to be used in quantum information processing. Two groups presented the application of this technology in nanoscale MRI in this issue of Nature. Maze et al. introduced the use of coherent control of diamond spins for magnetic sensing. They found that, in principle, it is possible to make accurate measurements of the nano-Tesla magnetic field, which is essentially equivalent to the magnetic field produced by a single proton at a distance of 10 nanometers. Balasubramanian et al. describe the first steps toward establishing a sensitive, high-resolution imaging method that utilizes diamond spins. They found that the location of a single nitrogen-vacancy center can be determined with a resolution of 5 nanometers. In a News & Views article, Michael Romalis pointed out that by combining these two methods, it is possible to detect and image a single nuclear spin, and even to determine the structure of a single molecule. Because both of the above experiments were performed at room temperature, we can expect these methods to be applied to biological research.
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